FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1908.
Banks.
Banks
INTERIOR BANKING HONGKONG & SHANGHAI
CORPORATION.
PIGUAL AGENTE or tan United STAIRS 17 CHINA, THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND THE REPUBLIO 09 Panama.
<Capitalų Paid-up. nu....GOLD $3,250,000
RESERVE FUND
BANKING CORPORATION,
PAD CAPITALssomsemana $15,900,00€
Reedy FunIS—
Auorting
£1,600,000@2=$15,000,000
Hilver
Mex. $7,222,222,
Re
..God 19,260,000 Mex. $7,222,229.
HEAD OFFICE
60 WALL STREET, New Yoel, LONDON Orizor-THREADNERDES Bora
E.O.
1ONDON BANKERS;
BANK OF ENGLAND. National Provincial Bank of England, Fid The Capital and Conaties Bank, Ltd.
HRANCHES & AGENTS ALL OVER THE WOULD.
THE
HE Corporation Transoots every de
eoription of Banking and rchange buslaces, receives money in Current Ac -count at the rate of 2% per annum en dally balances and accepts Fixed Deposits at the Vollowing rates
For 12 months 47 per cent per annum. For 6
per cent per annum. For 3
3 per cent per annuni.
"
No. 9, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL.
HONGKONG.
W. M. ANDERSON,
Manager.
Hongkong, January 24, 1908.
NEDERLANDSCHE
MA
| A ATSCHAPPIJ.
ANDEL-
(NETHERLANDS TRADING SOCIETY),
EXCABLUEBED 1824.
PAID-UP ...FL. 45,000,000 (£8,750,000).
JAPITAL
About Peserve Fund FL 6,878,375 (2 448,000). HEAD OFFIE-AMSTERDAM- HEAD AGENOT—BA7A71A,
... 13,600,000
ETAGALITY
PaOFDIETORA carcinormous)
-$28,530,000
THE CHINA MAIL.
GEO. P. LAMMERT
AUCTIONEER.
$15,000 MILNERS'
COURT OF DIRECTES —
Hon. Mr HENRY KESWICK--Chairman. E. GOETZ, Esq.-Deputy Chairman.
G. Friesland, Esq. | E. Shollim, Esq, A. Fuchs, Esq.
R. Shewan, Esq.
O, S. Gubbay, Eng. H. A. W. Slado, Esq. C.R. Lenzmann, Haq. G.H.Medhurst, Esq. | H. E. Tomkina, Esq. OKIEY MANAGES : Hongkong-J. ft. M. SMITH,
MANAGER: Shanghal-H. E. R. HUNTER.
Londor Banxars-Lossow AND COUNTY BANKING Co., bo.
BOR080N-INTEREST ALLOWED,
On Current Account at the rate of Two par rent, por anuum on the daily balance,
ON FIXED DEPOBITE ---
T
For 3 month 2 por cent per annum.
*
6
38 41
t+
"
12
*
J. R. M. SMITA,
Chief Manager. Hongkong, February 19, 1908.
60
HONGKONG HAVINGS BANK.
TEE business of the shoe Bank is out- ducted by the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORA. TION. Rules may be obtained on ap
INTEREST on deposite is allowed at PER CENT. per annum. Depoalbors ney transfer at their option balances of $100 or mora to the HONGKONG AND
FIXED DEPOSIT at 4 FER OK IT. por
zanosi
BRANCHES-Cligapore, Penang | SHANGHAI BANE, to be placed on Shanghai, Rangoon, Eamarang, Sourabaya, Cheriton, Tegal, Pacalongan, Pascorecan Tjilatja, Padsag, Medan (Dell), Palem ) Randjormasin. Kotz-Radja, (Achsen) } bang,
Correspondents at Macusuar, Bombay. Colombo, Madras, Foudicherry Bangkok, Baigon, Haiphong , Hanoi, Amoy, Kobe, Melbourne, Sydney.
Kokobama,
talentta,
New York, San Francisco, &c., &c.
BANKERS-The Walon
of
LONDON London snt Smitha Book, Limited,
The Bank bays and eslie and receives for collection Bills of Exchange, issues Iettar: of credit on its Branches and correspond anta in the East, on the Coatinent is Grest Britalu. Amorica, and Australia, and tran. sucte banking business of ovary description.
INTEREST ALLOWED
Un Ontrent Accounts 2 per Ancam on daily balancos,
Fixed Deposits 12 months 44% per Ànnum
Var Hungbong and Shanghai
Banking Ourpuraalen,
J. R. M. SMITH,
Thief Manager. Hongkong, January 12, 1907.
1517
ŢIA MOHARTERED BANK OF INDIA,
AUSTRALIA, AND OHINA.
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1869. Hap Ormor, Loydon.
PALD-UP CAPITAL
RESERYE FUND..
H
PATENT
FIRE RESISTING
Safes
THE BEST THING FOR YOU.
Possibly you are not "up to the mark" hose days Few people asc. The best thing for you is Hall's Coca Wine, taken as soon as you recognise the nosd of a restorative tonic. Many people hesitato to take doctor's physio because it involves a confession that they are really ill. Hall's Wine, however, is both a natural bovengo and a norve tonie; it may therefore, be taken with or between meals without involving any unpleasant acknowledgment of sickness.
PROGRESS OF AFGHANISTAN
On Peaceful Lines,
Mr W. A. Graham, a traveller from the United States, who has recently visiteri | Afghanistan, has supplied the Indian Trade Journal" with some interesting in- formation regarding that country. Tho violont prejudice against Western ideas which the late Amir successfully combated, Heem to have entirely disappeard, and the Afgans are beginning to realise the advantage of commercial and industrial | development. In this respect Kalul is forg- ing ahead of many Asiatic cities that have had parlier and better opportunities and fact-
(As supplied to the principalories for the supply of electric light fittings,
banks and mercantile
houses).
tolephones and other modern inventions are already truly established. Aldur Rahman, for obvious reasons, devoted his best inergies to render Afghanistan inde- pendent in the matter of munitions of war, and for many years past the facturica at Kabul have turned out excellent gune, rifles and cartridges. This present Amir | is credited with more peaceful tastes, and is said to be contemplating the introduc tion on a large scale of machinery for the extraction of ore. This is by no means
improbable the mineral wealth of the country is known to be great, and the Amir is fully capable of appreciating
NEOPHONES! the fret If the ides crystallisos a
good many difficultios will have to be svercome helore ay practical result can be expected. The Afghans are absolutely ignorant of witing according to scientific methods, though Western ideas are now assignulated, anything in the shape of a concession to Europeans would not be THE ONLY DISC-PHONOGRAPH considered for a moment. The same course, therefore, would have to be pursued as was followed in the case of war-materials whon, after the machinery was procured, the people were gradually and laboriously in- strucked by compotent men. This is noçes- sarity a slow process, but the East is not to be hurried, least of all the people who guard their country so carefully from ubstrusive attention.
ON THE MARKET.
£1,200,000
...E1,475,00
***£1,200,001
Reserve LaBILITY OF FEQ.
PRIETORS
་
INTEREST »llowed on Current Account
EOPHONES EED
Do.
6 months 4 %
Da
3 months 34%.
Do. Do
J. L. VAN HOUTEN, Agent, Hongkong, November 18, 1907
418
the rate of 2% per RDORM vn the Daily balcoD.
0
EEDLES
THE
NATIONAL BANK OF CHINA,
LIMITED.
On Fired Deposit for 12 months 4.
*
#
#
ទ.
13.
JOHN ARMSTRONG,
Manager.
84
HEAD OFFICE :-HONGKONG.
AUTHORISED CAPITAL......... £699 476 PAID-VE CAPITAL V CAPITAL RESERVE FUND
REERVE FUND
£242,718 .........£12,736 ..$300,000
LONDON BRANCH.
61, OLD BROAD STREET, EO, MANAGER :-Gzonez Munno. LONDON BANKERS —
Parr's Bank,
5
Commercial Bank of Scotland, The Bruk grants drafts and telegraphie Sransfers and conducts every description of Easter Banking business,
INTEREST allowed on Current Accent at the Rate of 2% per non on the Daily
Balanços.
ד
Hongkong, January 7, 1908.
BANK OF TAIWAN THE
LIMITED, (LICORFORATED BY SPECIAL PERIAL CHARTER),
ÁLTADRIED CAPITAL......Yes 5,000,000. FAID-UP CAPITAL.....Ya $,760,000, Rescue Ford.........EKS 835,000.
Bran Orrion -TAIPEI, WORMOSA,
BEANOR AND AGENJIES:
Kube, Nagasaki.
NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE
INSURANCE COMPANY.
MOTAL FundE AT S1ET DECEMBRA, 1906,
$17.831.119.
-Authorised Capital 23,000,000 > Subscribed Capital £2,750,000
Paid-up Capital ..... £887,500 0 II-Pro Foods 5,386,720 19 | I-Life & Annuity Fands 19,762,888 8 6
M. C. C. TURKISH CIGARETTES.
TUS BEST on the MARKET,
:
The Enjoyment of Life
The enjoyment of life is impossible to the man who lacks good health or who is deficient in vitality. For a, strong, healthy body, a clear active brain, and overflowing vitality, take Hall's Coca Wine and enjoy life to the full. It will give you health and an abundance of the energy of health. Approved for over a gen- eration by British Medical men.
Hall's Coca Wine
will enable you to ignore climatic conditions. It will stimulate your brain and nervous system, and will make life an increasing pleasure.
Hall's Coca Wine is sold by all chemists and stores, in large and small bottles. Look for the red Keystone trade-mark.
Get a bottle to-day.
Ha Coca Wine in the most marvellous restorative known to medical science-pare, putent, palatable.
To Let.
TU LET.
DEACONSFIELD ARCADE,
Hall's Coca Wine.
Nicos demuine vethout
TRADE MARK
To Lat.
TO LET-AT CANTON,
FIGHT-ROOMED HOUSE on SHA-
Offees and Dwelling Rooms, 15, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL, Top Floor (over Caldbeck, Maogronor & Co.)
BELILIOS TERRACE HOUSES, Ro. BENSON ROAD.
GLENWOOD, CAINE ROAD, suitable for a Boarding House or Club, contains 25 Rooms,
OFFICES in QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL No. 57, PRAYA GRANDE, MADAO. EGGESFORD (furnished), No. 114, PEAK. Contains & Roome. No. 71, Wyndham Street.
Good Central GODOWN No. 3A, DED DALL STREET.
&
'LADBROKE,' No. 9, OaxDurr Roan, Rooms
Furnished or Unfurnished, from 15th April, 1908. Large sorvants' quarters and fall sized Tennis Court.
No. 3, DEDDELL STEZET, Shop and 1st Floor.
Non, 1 & 6, DES VEŒUX VILLAS, Posk,
Apply to
LINSTEAD & DAVIS, 3rd Floor, Alexandra Buildinge. Hongkong, April 19, 1907.
ROOM TO LET,
1871
ONE LARGE ROOM with Bathroom
attached, Electric Light, with Board.
SOLE AGENTS FOR SOUTH CHINA AND TEL Suitable for a Married Couple, or two
STRAITS BETTLEMENTS.
A. KOTAS & CO.. NEW TRAVELLER'S HOTEL Higkong, Janascy 24, 1908. -
KWONG WOO.
JEWELLER, DEALING IN SILK,
&c.,
fce to..
o No. 16 QUEEN'S ROAD, CENTRAL,
124
extension of steek to meet increased boai-
Gentlemen, in private family, Kowloon.
£17,887,119 8 bege to inform his. Patrons and the 2,081,044 19 & General Public that owing to necuniary Rovenne Fire Brauch...
Life & Anuatty1,713,809 19 10 ss he will remove to his new and more
Brachae......!
spacious premises at No. 66 Queen's Rand, L Central, (7 doors East of his present pre- misss) on 4th January, 19 8.
£8,774,869 19 8 The Accumulated Fande of the Fire and Yokohama, Life Departments are free from liablitty to
respect of each other,
SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.,
Agent:.
Amoy.. Anping.
Poochow
Osaka.
Tainan. Tamsul Tukio.
On Fixed Deposite for 12 month 6 per cent
f
4
Keelung, Suratow.
Sbunghat.
"
ས་
#
. 3
$
G. O. MOXON,
Managing Director.
8
+1
Hongkong, September 28, 1906.
RUSSO CHINESE BANE
· ORGANISED UNDER IMPERIAL DRORES OF 10TH DECEMBER, 1895,
f 16,900,000 Roubles. UAPITAL ...........................2,000,000 Sh. Tasle, CAPITAL contributed by CHINESE GOVERNMENT ...5,000,000 E. Taals.
RESERVE FOND Roables 9,210,000.
HEAD OFFICE-ST. PETERSBURG.
London Offico: 41, Thre sdsedla St., HO
BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: Andijon Khokand Poklag Batonm Kiachta
Samarkand $311 Frabola.co Shanghal Stretensk
Balgowest Kirin
ohansk Koba
Bodarbo Kouldja Boukhara Krasnaiarek Tasbkond
Busk
Kwantchendes Tchita Calcutta Insoyang Tchougoutcha Obafoo Loodoo Hallar Marguelen
Tiolin
Tiepteln Tsitsibar
Bakhodata Moscow Hanko Monkden Verchnena. Harbin Nagasaki dinsk Hongkong Newchwang Verny Irkutsk Nicolajevek Vladivostock
Opliasital Yokohama Ourga
Zeisksia. Khabarovsk Paris.
Pristan
gar
BANKERS: LONDON-Glyn, Mills. Corrle & Co. PARIS-Comptoir National d'Escompte
do Paris, Banque de Paris et de Payo Baa.
BERLIN-Mendelsohn & Co.
HAMBURG-M. H. Warburg & Co. VIENNA-K K. Priv. Oesterr. Orodie
Austalt fa Handel Gewerbe, AMSTERDAM-Lippmann,
&Oo.
Interest Allowed;
Rosenthal
Currant Accounts in Dollara 2 po. out, per annum on credit balances of #000
and over.
Fixed Deposits. Terms on application,
TIAN
HONGKONG OFFICE:
3. Dea Vaux Road.
Interest allowed on Corrant Account, Deposita received on torma which may be earnt on sppilestion.
D. TORDOW,
Manager. Hongkong, Apr 5. 1807,
$1
MERCANTILE BANK OF
INDIA, LIMITED.
AUTHORIZED AF STORTBED................ Pazo WP.. RAFARVE FUND£170,000 BANKERS: LONDON JOIN STOCK BAX, LIMITED.
INTEREST allowed on Current Accounta the rate of 8% per annum on the Daily Batrade.
UK FIXED DEPOSITS 2---
£1,500,000 £1,125,000 £562,500
For 12 Ponthewizmerommet.
В
B
"
EVAN ORMISTON,
Manager.
Hongkong, May 1, 1908.
YOKOHAMA SPECIE
BANK.
ESTABLISHED 1800.
$
QAYITAL PAID-UP ...... Yeu 24000,000 18,550,000
Rrezove FUNDS ***
Texto. LONDON
BRANCHES AND ÅMENOMA !
KOBE. NAGASAKI, LFONE. New YORK. F&OGO, HONOLULD, BEDAY. HANGEOW. CHEYOO, NANGHAL
TENTSIN.
PrxxG PORT AUTHvs. Dise Airusa," LILOTANG CHANG-CHUY,
Belt Orrion—YOKOHAMA,
Hoxscore-Intersat allowed.
On Curant &ccount at the Rate of 2%
per annum on the dally balance.
ON FIXED DEPOSITS-
Local Bills discounted. Special facilitie For 18 months........ for Russian exchange. Foreign exchang For 5 monthe.. l'alties of the world bought i
on the principal die.
and Pol
gold.
H.A. STEWART, Manager, 20NGKONG BRANCH:
PRINCE'S BUILDINGS.
Hongkong February 15, 1908.
„,5% par sunum.
For 3 months,%
TAKKO TAKAMTOHÍ
Manager. Hongkong, April 6, 1907.
$1
YUEN CHEONG,
SWATOW DRAWN-WORK
MANUFACTURER.
Wholesale & Retail LL Kinds of DRAWN-THREAD-WOLE, EMBROIDERIES, GLASH CLOTHS, PEWTER-WARE and LACE &c., de, No. 39, Queen's Road Central, Hongkong
A
T
Hongkong, December 27, 1907 2044
HOW TO DO MORE BUSINESS.
[ANY AMERICANS have built up grent commercial enterprises, by the use of Trade-nown items supplied by our CLIPPING BUREAU: Chinese mark chants can do the sain, if they follow American method
Wo clip business news from more than 50,000 papers monthly, and send theas items to you while there is good prospect of supplying what is needed and doing busincer
We can send you news and clippings on any line of business, at any subject, and you will be able to know, IN TRUTH, just what American business methods are like, and where there are openings for Chinese merchandise
(bark or 62, WELLANOTON STUEET).
Suppose, for instance, you axa a maker of Pottery: our Clipping Barsat night Hongkong, September 4, 1807.
1436 End in some paper an item sping that a hig wholesale Pottery concern was belug organized in a curtain town-wo, of Dere, would nont you that basinana-news items, dive you a chance to do business I wich
that fr
firm. Wo can do
do just the same in any line of business, for, there is always something being on that it might pay Uhinese, mer chuute to know.
JEYES FLUID
We can supply you with advertisements Fof all the grast American merchants and manufacturers, so that you may asimilato their idoon and increase your business in China the way we do hore.
OR
SOLE AGENTS. W.G. HUMPHREYS & CO.
BANK BUILDINGS. Hongkong, May 18, 1908
FOR SALE.
BOUND VOLUMES
OF. THE
1024
'NEW WEEKLY”
ARE ON SALE AT THE
China Mail' Office,
8, Queen's Road Central,
day.
foavoid delay, sena ten dollars (Mex.) | for one month's trist onder. Subsequent rate can be determined according to service
It won't cost way money to send for our Gino Book which tolls all about our saevleo and how much it coste. Sead for it to
Consular referentes. INTERNATIONAL PRESS OLIPPING BUREAU, DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, ILL
U.S.A
1987 Hongkong, September 24, 1907.
THE BACK DOOR,
A
SKETCH OF WHAT MIGHT.
HAPPEN.
Reprinted from the "Omxa Man,"
'M..E.." Apply
Care of CHINA MAIL' Office. Hongkong, Febraneg 13, 1908.
TO LET,
248
FFICES in ALEXANDRA BUILD.
INGS.
MEEN. Apply to 'A. B. 99,*
Care of CHINA MAIL' Offics, Canton, January 39, 1908.
TO LET.
122
IMMEDIATE POSSESSION.
MOUNTAIN VIEW, the Peak,
*STOWFORD," BÓNHAM ROAD,
5, STEWART TERRACE, the Peak.
Apply
+M. S.,' Care of "CHA MAIL' Office. Hongkong, January 4, 1908.
TO LET
22
70 000 SQUARE FEET of LAND
with 200 foot frontage to Kowloon Bay. Moderate Rental.
Apply to M268RS FARRELL & LYSAUGHT. Hongkong, Angust 29, 1907.
AIRVIEW,
TO LET.
No. 1,
1989
ROBINSON
ROAD, Hongkong, Farnished or Unfurnished, splendid situation, with tas view of Harbour; 6 Big Rooms.
Forniture can be purchased if desired. Apply J ULLMANN & CO.,
84, Queen's Road. Hongkong, February 14, 1908.
TO LET.
"ATHERLEIGH,' CONDUIT ROAD.
HA SECRETARY,
Apply to
A. §. WATSON & Co., Lg. Hongkong, April 22, 1907. 180
TO LET
ARGE OFFICE ROOM on 1st Floor of No. 15, DES VŒŒUX ROAD. Apply to FERD. BORNEMANN,
No. 16, Des Vax Road Centrul. Hongkong, January 4, 1908.
A
TO LET.
19
UCTION ROOMS, No. 2, ZertaND
STREET.
No. 2, FAIRVIEW, Ronissos Road, Karlont,
'WOODBURY,' GARDEN ROAD, ROSENEATH.' KOWLOON.
4, FAIRVIEW, Robinson Road, Kowloon.
Apply to
LEIGH & ORANGE,
1, Des Voeux Road. Hongkong, February 8, 1908
26
TO LET.
ODOWN No. 3, NEW PRAYA
KENNEDY TOWN.
Apply to
THE HONGKONG LAND INVEST, MENT & AGENCY Co., LD, Hongkong, February 1, 1905.
TO LET.
249
A HOUSE LA CLIFTON GARDENS, CONDUIT ROAD.
OFFICES in YORK BUILDING. GODOWNS in PRATA HART, Blue Baild. iogs, and No. 168, DES VEUX ROAD next to the Hongkong Hotel.
FLATS in MORETON TERRACE. OFFICES on Top Flogr No. 2, Con- NAUGHT ROAD, facing the Cricket Ground, No. 10, DES VEUX ROAD CENTRAL, 1st Floor.
Apply to
THE HONGKUNG LAND INVEST. MENT & AGENOY CO., LTD. Hongkong, February 1, 1909,
24
TU LET.
TWELL and Comfortably FURNISHED
FURNISHED!
Hore, Kowicon, with soparate Kitchens and Baths for each set of rooms.
Rent from $15.00 and upwards. Good socommodation.
Apply to
H. "RUTTONJEE & SON, 7776, D'Aguilar Street,
or
, Elgin Road, Kowloon.
Hongkong, February 19, 1908.
1300
Invidiate POSSESSION.
onOWNS Nos. 98, 81, 99 krld 99a,
PRAVA HAST.
Apply to
SECRETARY, THE HONGKONG, CANTON & MAGIAO B.B.
Co., LTD.,
Hotel Mansions. Hongkong July 23, 1907.
TO: LET,
1200
and 5-ROOMED HOUSES in KOV. LOON. COMMODIOUS SHOP in Des YaUX ROAD CENTRAL, Hongkong. Tramodiato Poggession. Moderate ronis
1821
Apply to AL HUMPHREYS' ESTATE & FINANCE
Co., LTD. Hongkong, August 13, 1907,
TO LET.
HOUSE KNUTSFORD - TER-
A RACE, KOWLOON
Apply to NA
THE HONGKONG LAND INVEST-
·MENT & AGENCY Co., Loy Hongkong, February 1, 1968.
TO LET
INMEDIATE POsszamos.
To be had at the Curta Mazzy' Office, ODOWN No, 101, PRAYA BAST
6, Queen Road Central
Pro
50 Cents.
Go
Apply to
CHATER & MODY,
Victoria Buildings. Hongkong, Jauzary 16, 1908,
30
TO LET.
279
PRINTING.
PRINTING
PRINTING.
Artist
AND
Book Binding
Done with Neatness.KEË
Despatch
At Moderate Prices,
Programmes
Company Report:
Business Circulare
und
Books of all kinds.
Under Evroppan Supervision
Chinx Mail Ofits
LWYNDHAM STREET.
HONGKONG,
ADVERTISE
ADVERTISE
ADVERTISE
The Life of Crabs.'
HOWER BOUSE;. Ten Rooms; KEN A.ONE-TIME order, like one blew al tas
NEDY ROAT.
Apply
MRS G. SACHSE, KINOBLERE. Hongkong, September 2, 1807.
TO LET,
1419
hammer on the head of the nati, malam an impression, but 15 is only the com Mnaous Insertion of the advorifeoma sub. like the continuone pounding on the head of the nail, that drives the waga - ment home and clinches it.
A HACIENDA, East, Mount Kellet
The Peak, unfurnished, from the middle or sad of April next. For particu The BEST Mediums for lars, apply to the Undersigned.
o. H. GRACIE, Care of Secretary's Office,
HONGKONG CLUB,
Hongkong, February 7, 1908.
TO LET, TILLINGFLETE, PEAK ROAD, B-roomed House with fine view of the Harbour. Moderate Rent.
HARPERVILLE, GARDEN ROAD, 6 Rooms, Elecirle Light and Tennis Court.
Apply to
PEROY SMITH & SETH,
1872 Hongkong, November 25, 1907.
TO LET-FURNISHED. ATO. 1, SALISBURY AVENUE, Kow loon front let November, A.a. vi
GEO. P. LAMMERT. Hongkong, September 25, 1807,
TO LET.
1647
NTO. 5. MORRISON, HILL,
Nino Four Roomed House, at PRAVA EASE, aer East Point,
Apply to
JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. Lap. Hongkong Heptember 27, 1907. 1666||
Advertising are
"CHINA MATE"
THE
"OVERLAND
CHINA MAIL"
AND THE
"HONGKONG WEEKLY."
Read by all Classes in the Colony
Established over Half--Centrays