MEMOS FOR TU-MOKKOW. Shipping
Daylight. —Namsu Ionvenfor Coact Parts. Non-English Mail leaves for Poris
Call and Europe.
1 p.m.-I. 3. 8. 8. Co.'s Steamer leaves
ior Yokoliama and San Francisco.
Julimuru leaves for Loudon,
Miscellaneous.
1 p.m.-Local Banks close,
The China tail.
HONGKONG, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1801, Local news will be found" on the back
page.
1
THE CHINA MAIL.
the British Parliamone to wrench asunder cording to Chinese law and ayatons-tortaro Rogistration Ordinato, so to man, to flourish and expand, the population, inission the now Mint, and launelud a the shackles in which British Trade, was only exopted-and Chinese ründers word boycotted the whole foreign community increased enously and the fanses of Stamp Act. This latter mensus was re- kept by the Enst Indin Campany's monut crefore to be dealt with hy corporal effectively for three days and commenced the Colony improved materially from pear poly, the spirit which later on inspired punishment rather than by imprisonment a general exodus, for which the foreign to year, Cobden in his warfare against the Corn In Major Caine, Elliot and a Chief Magis cousity blamed the Governor, and he filed Laws and the Navigation Laws, it was trate who understood his mind on this th-had to giro in to Chinese arregaço.
the same spirit that broke down at last.ject, white Mr. A. R. Joh nim, acting as THE INFLUENCE OF THIS TAITING REBELIJON, China's great commercial wall and stab. Adestrator, ärmly carried out his policy. lished, over its rains, the Colony of Hongkong so the Eastern depository of th trus principles of British Commerce.
THE PIONEERS OF FREE TRADE
f
THE START OF THE INFANT COLONE.
REFORM OF THE ADMINISTRAHLON~--THE
CORPORAL TONISHMENT AND THE POLICE
No. 8739January 21, 1991..
in trade motkids involved in their having been suddenly brought so much near to coived on the part of the meresatile cum London. After a brief period of fictitions munity, frat, with a violent outburst of the increase of rosperity, crisis followed and fiercest indignation, veiting itet in so serious depression ruled from 1874 to 1876. THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR D. verui public meetings, the end solemn Many commercial questions succorsivoly
ROBINSON.
propliscies that the whole trade of the Co aginted the public mind, during Bir lony would be ruined, followed later on by Arfraze administrativa pastidio hut 9 SEPTEMBER, 1859 20 15 Mac, 1805, Throughout Sir John's administration
The continuation of the war with China, the frank acknowledgement that the moa- futile efforts wers minds to start a Brokers the general depression, which for years Hongkong prospered under this regimo reigned in emmereindiretes, the pronem during the first few yours of this ndiniuis sure had proved an hisqualified access. Association and Stock Exchange. The while it hated. As of the lead ng Brit-batco af surious crime, the dissensione tration, affected the Culony unly advau Within two years the Governor was able to adultoration ui grey shirtings in England it served as a basis of e questions and the issue of one-dollar cotes, isli firma, and notably the still exising which sigured the Public Bersice, tho tageously, in that it served as a basis of bones that the Colony had fred itaolf and of ten leaves in Chim, new forms of A seriono crisis is Chin's relations will arms of Jardine Matheson & da.. Turner acrimonious diatribes published in Hong supply to the expedition operating in the from its must pressing abilities, and from bills of lading, ocean racing, currency Britain was involved in the expiry (22nd & Co. and Holiday & Co., fully ending kong newspapers and the London Times, North and to the troops, British and that time onseeda the finances of the Ca- questions and the issue of one-dollar cotes, Britain was real India Compage and purchased. The Happy Valley out and the morning those fr sale became forthwith Military and Naval April, 1694) of the East India Company's Captain Elliot'e policy, sutthi ix Hong-and accusations of kartoful expenditure French, which oceniod Canton city, and louy Improved steadily. This Sistup Act the Macan Coolie Trads and the Hongkong Charter, and in the consequent substita konge and purchased land at the first regu hurled against the Governor and Lieutenant in that the Kondoou peninsula now be proved tirorsafter the most reliaals Boures Customs Blockade, all these subjects woke
to solve the Blockade question ans? made tion of an indetits number of irrespon- Int sale of crown Innd. Tha Happy Valley Governor, combined to involve the Govern came British territory, by less first and of revenue for every micceeding adminis in torn hotly debated; but Sir Arthur was socies of suggestions, which were endorsed sible free traders in place of a responsible at first faturded to form the centre of ment and the morcantile eommunity in subsequently by cession, secured by the tration, and always acted as a hercome kept out of it all. He did make an effort ty the Chamber of Commerce. But conservative corporation like the East India the city, but the dread spectra of Hongkong violent party strife, producing those fra Tiosten Trosty, but the Kowloon peninster of the condition of local trada.
nothing came of it, except that one sugges- Fover at outs appeared and sternly bade quent obalitions of publia tomper which sula became forth with the book of conten. Company. Anticipating that crisis,
An regards the subjects of the repression tile, that of a Mixed Board, was with Viceroy of Canton suggested (10 January, the settlers move westward and reserve the the Times aptly descibed as periodical tion between tho Civil, Military and NavO CORTORAL PUNISHMENT AND 217, POLICE the Chanabur 1831) and the British Cabinet adaptad (9 Valley for the repose of the dead and the storms in the Colonia tea-pot As long Authoritie, causal at first & foarfel in- as the commercial depression continued, crouse of mortality among the troops en- December, 1838) the appointment of a Bri-sports of the living. tish Superintendent of Trade in Cain While the new city was lying built in a the early abandonment of the Colony, was camped there and garo anhsequently much of crime and gaol discipline, Sir Richard axious randification subsequently included
ro.evely
TREATING WITH THE QUEEN. A Landrillustrated history of the Celony (Lord Naptor). But what was intended to slow and straggling manor, the Chinees ro. fecely predicted. Had it not been for the trouble in connection with least hold ques- boldly followed in the steps of Captain El in the Puking Convention of 1976.
The relations between the Chinese com- avert a crisis, served to exentnato and cim menced hints on the Cauton River, outbreak of the Feiping Rebellion and the tions, hampered by the expectation of a liot, and was herein hoartily supported by mous conviction was that corporal punish- is being prepared by tan of the best avert a crisis, Kurved to accentuato and ammonerd hint
Frecipitate the impending eunflict. By but Elliot succeeded in restoring pace with consequent increase of taxation and dis- Calcntia-Canton railway to terminate thore, the mercantile community, whose naui
ment was the only deterrent means avail-munity and the Government underwent a ritoris over was only Authorities. The work is being printed vesting to Superintendent with extra-ter-China by a glorious ten days cun aignerder in the neighbouring Districts, which
vitud jurisdiction arer British: aubjects in ending in the bombardment and surrender destroyed Mandarin influences and powers BROUTEST POUR IN THE COLONY'S DISTOLY.able in the case of Chiuese oflorders. Bir ridical change during this administration, Sir Horculce Robinson's administration Richard substituted the cat for the tallan, Br. Arthur rouraged Chincas doptitations in England, and unfertubely will not China, the British Government unwittingly of Catton eng (27 March, 1841). The re-hitherto hostile to Hongkeng, and caused turn of the flees and troopste Hong.org a portion of the Caton and West-cost be ready for a few months. When it is threw down the gauntlet which Chinurn of the flees and troopsgate Hong.org a portion of the Caton and West-eucht
original monsores devised by the Governar and deportation relieved the congested grievances, and introduced the compraderie uu sitating's look up and defiantly a lively aspect both else and afbeat. But junk trude and even a few, sativa industries is characterized by a series of now and and forthwith public flogging branding to came to bim with their suggestions and published, it will doubtless have a large in the face of Jard Napier and sere deadly cumies then tho Chinese had 10 gravitate to Hongkong, the movement, Fr
chatel tim which had already commenced by eight t of this vigorosa Severnor after all got of the Chindsey was atten. But how little held the Yet the British Cabinet, to he faced. Fever and Couth decimatel the which had already commonreu by eight for the benefit of the Colony. After in-stato of the gaol, and inspired. Chinese oftuent at Government House receptions sale, as all connected with the colony inco
guided Wingh it was by the counsels of the ranks of the residents, and, to crown their British fire (in 1846) abandoning Hongquiry into alleged Civil Servies abuses, the rascaldom with a genuine terror. Wittler and at homes. But how little hold the her of Waterloo, was loath to commence misfortuney, a terrific typhoon (21 to 25 kong, might have le to the ruin of the Governor, with a view to provide properly by accident, or as a resnit of this vigorosa deveznor after all got of the Chinese, was will be anxious to possess a true and tro
Frequent water famines drew attention In his dealing with the Police Force, to the insutleiency of the Pokfulam water graphie record of its history. Meantine the fight with a helples nation, while the July, 1811) swept over the infant Crimy. Colony. But as trade revivod, na Canton trained interpretore for the Courts, devised policy, crime was certainly at a low ebb shown by various matinons incidents
are is English prople cared for one of theso Un receipt of this newas the Emperor of morohaute commencal Fernonding Hong wacheme of Civil Service Cadetships, which, throughout Sir Iliqhard's administration, we publish to-night a condise summary, things. Six years of continuous ill-front. China illustrated the lamana feelings of korg auction rooms, and even began though it produced not a single interpreter,
wishes of the scheme began to bo talked about. sta vessels for their with a staff of thoisie able to commn the Governor Grossed the when of t
all doubts on to the icate with the Chinese per lo from the pen of one of the best anthomasf, nach as hurried Tord Napice into his the Confucianist be praccading in statu to chartering foreign ang vessels for their curved to provide the Colony thenceforth then a chronic source of pub'io indigestion, supply, and the Taitam water works in their community by establishing, an Elliot's The inanitary condition of the Colony grave at Macao, had British merchants and the temple of the dragon-gods of the sea, own costing trade, all doubts as to the with
own language. The Post Ofice he trans-principle of dealing with Ohines according also made itauif painfully falt. But the rities on the subject, of the Colony's their successive Royal Saperinterdents in alleling solem thanksgivings for the fle-fatare success of the Colony vanished for at
Britishstraction
furred from Imperial to local management to Chinese methods; n separate corps of only thing that was done was that, a cum-
to local atanagement in on Elliot's Tho and constituted fant Schoul Burner, increasing the Public moting the application to catio and constituted it as a seprale Depart- Chinese communal district watchmen unnoncement was made in the direction of The day after he typhoon. Flat rceiv progress during the last, fifty years, which suffer in Canton. Menuwhite the British straction of Hongkong
free traders laboured incessantly to edn
mont. The dormant School Board was dor the Registrar General, whilst largely extensive tree-planting.
In educational matters Sir Arthur waS we have no doubt will be found inte- cate pablie opinion in Evgland, Appealing the news of his recall and soon after loft
revived and reorganized by the Governor, increasing the Sikh contingent of the regu resting, and should serve at the same to Parliament and to every Chamber of toukong, desputed perhaps, bus with mere, and thanks to their labours the the caustiones of having done his duty time to increase the desire for the larger attenter of the sation was aroused at aut and sure that Hongkong owed him a debt
when the Chinese Commissioner Lin, gratitude. rathlessly playing fast and lose with British life, liberty and property, pri one, and threatened the lives of, the whole foreign community at Crato, in week's Overland and issuel in pamphlet ending for Majesty's heroic representa
15 May, 1839). Driven me i Canton by foriu, but as some subscribers may wish tive, Captain Ch Elliot (24 March to
139). Driven one of Canto to send Home tonight's paper we have Chinese hosti Ty, bored out of Macao printed a few extra copies, for which 123 August, 1830) by Portuzaces neutra few extra copies, for which ty, British Trade was for eighteen months orders should be sent at once.
a homeless fugitive, driven about from one ancharge to another, until at lust, after Bandry staval enge cuenta diszatrons to Chion, Commissier Kishen agreed with
work when it appears.
The whole out of the Jubilee eclebrations will be contained in next
1841-1891,
HONGKONG'S JUBILEE. OUTLINE OF THE COLONY'S HISTORY.
Geological upheavals felicitously formed Hongkong of the toughest ma'orial and placed it just where the Continent of Asia--large enough for the destinies of China, Russia and Britain-juts out into the Pacific, as
FRE-DRITLAG DAYS,
a
3
WHY WE TOOK HONGKONG.
4
HONGKONG WAS NOW DIEMNO A FAILURE
aver.
Hacheme
KAMPANT PIRACY YOU MAY GO TO
HONOLONG FOR ME.'..
cos
A PERION OF DEPRESSION-ILL-YEELING AGAINST THE GOYZEFOR.
of cocamercial
THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR
KENNEDY
THE IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL LIFE
g
22
tion
THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR S. GEORGE BONHAM. 10 MARU, 1818 ro 12 APRIL 1854.
who thereupon saactioned the establish lar. Police Force, Public woestinge and an uncompromising secularist. According Sir Samuel George Bonham was the frat most of the Central School, under Dr. commissions failed alike in shaking they when Dr. Stewart recommended, in Governor of Bongcar who succeeded in Stewart, on a plan designed by Dr. Leggs, Governor's ecafidence in this measure, 1872, the application to the Colony of maintaining continuous friendly relations and subsequently substituted an official which has virtually endured to the presont Ferater's Elementary Education Act of 1870, the roligious grant-in-aid scheme of THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR
with the denmanity. Not one public meet Education Department in place of the day. HENRY POTTINGER.
England was introduced in Hongkong in a.. ing was held during this period: The trade Board. The machinery of the administ. THE BLOCKADE OF UONGKONG-DEFENDING averely secular form, producing much 30 AUGUST, 1841 To 12 MAX, 1814. of the Colony was studiously fostered by the tion of justice was also improved by the
THE COLONE'S REPUTATION,
friction. When Sir fl. Pottinger arrived, as Mini Governor. Whilst favouring the Chinees Governor, by the appointment of a Puisne
An abortiva attempt of the Can- Judge and of a Junior Police Magistrate, serions deonta were still entertained in without raising the question of-torture), while he obtained sanction to introduce in ton cotton guild to remove the whole ster Extraordinary to the Court of Peking, Government by Rendition Ordinates Governor, by the appointment of a Puizne
tertained in without at by Rendition Ordinates Governor, was also improved by the THE BLO
A gloom was cast over the period of Macac and Canto, ne-to the permanenes he promptly repressed an attempt made by
soccorsidered important changes introd
non-with such adaptations 4 circunstances and "the Blockade of the Harbour by a Sir Arthur's administration by the occur 1861), rence (in 1874) of typhoon of napre of the Britisk occupation of Hengkung, and the Heppe to prevent river steamers carry the Colony the criminal law of Eugland ectton trade from Hongkong to: Canton. Chusan was by many considered preferable. ing Chinese cargo. The Governor's nou might render advisable. One of the most cordon of Chinese Liigid statics (in 1501); ostented destructiveness and Sir Henry declined giving any him as to interference with the Peruvian coolic of celled forth energet
tted tits Colday, cules was his abandonment of all the tradi- of the Governor. There protons consider traordinary number of marine disasters. On
lea the intentions of the Government. But his trade, which at first benefitted the Colony, important changes introduced by Sir Har-celled forth energetic protests on the part edented destructiveness and by an ex- declaration that, for the present, all ar the enpport he gave to the rapidly develop. tional attotupte to govern the Chiness reably increased bis popularity, though no the other hand, the same period stands out so the time when many new and rangements de by Elliot should remain ing passenger Frate with California, the Cape British Crown, for the really his appointing andications trade, the Core Members of Council which the Colonial Serran residents. gling doput of the mercantile commu to nestly all sections of the comme lis Captain Kibot (80 January, 1841) te cede in force, his removing the Superintendence eat.blishment of fortnightly masils between sidents through their own handmen, and great success was achieved. When Sir prominently in the history of Hongkong'
Hongkong, and Hongkong and Europe, the general the creation of a distinct form of govern- Rutherford Aloook suggested the establish social life its to the British Crown, for the purpose of of Trade from Mazao to Hongkong, and Hongkong and Europe, the general ex-ment for the Chinese through the Registrar ment of a Chinese Consulate in Hongkong, original schemes for enlisoning the winter a trade-station, the Island of Hongkong really his appointing & Land Commit-passion of the heat import and export General, who thenceforth discharged, with as the only means of romoring the Bloc- evenings of society were sot on foot, and Accordingle the British flag was hoisted too, were generally viewed as indications trade, the Governor action in creating at the Peak on Tuesday, 26th January, that the formal confirmation of the Cession Lyo Reals for nacificaal Meinkers of Council regard to the Chinese, the same functions kado, and justified it on the ground that win Government Hound was the meet 1811, whion, ainid the thunders of the was but a question of time, and diplomacy. (D. Jardine and J. F. Edger), all the which the Colonial Secretary discharges Hongkong, was confessedly a great ang popular centre of social intercourse. The events sorved to keep up the The establishment of a separate tho was liked all along, but by the time he sh pa artillery and the hurrals of the The establishment
hi-Accordingly some more British and other measure or events, served to keep up the with reforonce to the European residents. gling depot, the Governor stroligly sided ability of Sir Arthur's character rather Hong-good The establishment of a separate Chinese with the views of the mercantile commu- than the benefioence of his polloy endeared therto homeless free traders, Hongkong foreign merchants now removed to Hong good spirits of the mersantile community into of the Government Tazette, the nity and defended the reputation of the ita to nearly all sections of the community.
kongod
The Chinese population also in- and to cement their friendly relations with creation
creation of the whole town with gas, bliances and Hongkong's Richard likewise community did for
the Pokfulam water supply, the Colony.tor of the Emigration Ordin- left Hongkong, the Dulboy was positively
In the matter Ordin-left woke up ic fulfil its destiny.
areased. But the sanguine hopes that Chi- the Governor.
lighting of the extension and completion of the Public ances and Hongkong's connection with the in love with him, and when, years after, the Boss merchants would enne to do bug neis One says, The British wanted Hongkong in thongkong were disappointed for years
Gardous, the continuation of Praya reclina Macao coolie trade, Sir Richard likewise ad news of his death reached Bongkong, Tá caille. The blame was inid on Sir
ion works, the crection of a large prison, loyally stoltimate But although the Colonists had no reason tion works, the crection of a large prison, loyally stood up for the chamoter and is tan community did for Sir Arthur what and they took it by force of arms. AD- L ober says, "The annexation of Hongkong Heary. Successful ne he was in the prass- If beckaning to the rest of the world to affords a remarkable example of the aptitution of the war, and in the cotistarinn af to be
affords a zenarkalite example of the apti-cution of the war, and in the constarinn af to be dissatisfied with the Governor's the supply of a subaciary silver and cupper terests of the legitimate local emigration they did neither for Captain Elliot ner for
Nofino ifto come un. Simail: an agdut in the scan, tad of the English for grasping and meet the Nanking Treaty (20 August, 1842), he policy, fliers were many ranges at work innge, the organization of the Hongkong trade, combatting the sensational douan- Sir Richard Mine Dosnell, underected a statuo
Secretary, the Hon. Gardiner Austin. Hongkong also is largo enough for its owning the requirements of any given circum-war subsequently abansfully duped by Kiy. which crowded into the period of this Mint, the establishment of Peak sanitariums cislions of the Chief Justice, who desired in his memory. It must be added that the Blanes. Neither latement neata the case. ing and his colleagues in connection with the administration in a manner sufficient to fillnad residences, the erectios of the Oity to abolish all Chinese emigration from success of Sir Arthor's regime vas largely desting: to act as the thin end of the wedge The experiences forced upon the East India Supplementary Commercial Treaty (8 Deto. the public mind with gravo auziety. Al merce and of a Volunteer dosia: all thees it was slave trade in some form or other,
thin and of the wedge The experincintorded springing up of ber, lasted, uskaown to him a clause in the neighb, the rovenues of the Colony his administration, which most fruitful during that terrible perin Hongkong unerment that he would. 4. Kennedy, adia Supplementary Commercial Treaty (8 Octo. the public mind with gravo auziety. Al-Fall, the formation of a Chamber of Com- Hongkong whatsoever, on the ground that due to the guiding counsels of the Colonial
THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR J. springing up of ber, 1845), in the Chinese text of which though the population, owing to the Tai which shall yet open up sina to the civi-Company, the unintended springing up
R. HENNESSY Was either to Sir Herculee personally or to the lization of the Woat; to form Britain's Key free trade community in China, the they inserted, uskayown to bins 2 clause ring Rebellum devastating somo Districts and yet other measures one thoir origin lization of the Wont; to form Britain's Key Barbara us ill treatment of Lord Napier and prohibiting Chinese trading with Hongkong in the neighbourhood of of the Colony public spirit fostered and developed under Popular as the Governor was, he did not
Holony barbarous of Hongkong, was barbarous ill treatment of Lord Napier and measures on the
stands
On his arst arrival, Sir John Pope Heu.. to the East, as the combined Malta and his successors, the imprisonment of the except through Treaty Ports His attempt, nearly doubled, the rosence of the Colony public spirit fastcred and developed under Popular as the Governor was, he did not a Araiz, 1877 to 7 MARCH, 1882. Gibraltar of the Pacific; tabo Chica's gua-Britists residents of Canton and their furo-als, to cellest Chinese customs duties in made slow progres. The sation of Bir R. bis administration, which certainly statul escape fierce ebullitions of public tempor
ed exodus from Macse, there were the Hongkong the epich, in the whole history of Hongkong. during that terrible per
free traders Peel's Goyer. The sation of Sir R. his adept fastcred and developed under...
in implise heavy beginning with the sommer
eaty epich in the whole history of Hongkong: noneument that he would endeavour to rantee of British support along the stra-successire fnote which compelled British Ia the total absence of a Chinesa commer-Chines Government to indiewed There was also, during this period, a con- prossus
succeasi re fnots which compelled British ag exasperated the freo tradera. Puel's Government, in permitting the ous as the brightest and most fruitful caps Serce ebullitions of public tampoc
in and Import duties on opium, was viewed by There was also, daring this period, a con depression which reigned in Hongkong, easy puzzled the community by the an- Import duties on opium, was viewed by siderable decrease of crime, though drain culminating in the antumn of 1868. whe and that the main policy of his administra tegio line formed by India, the Straits Tende, against the will of the merchants,cial community,
local merchants as an attempt to paralyze siderable decranes of crime, though drain beginning with the summer of 1966, and unerment that he would endeavour to local merchants is an alter Waves of Range un secasional ontharats of piracy. During that period he oldest and noblest
treasure vaults of business was reported to witnesses the costs of the Colopy. the nation and the Government, to seek
Waves of gange tunnelling into the tresents vaults of culminating in the atoms of 1860, when follow in the footsteps of Sir 4. Kennedy, the Hongkong gium trade, Buttlements and the China Sea.
refugeroth Two centuries of continuous
Remoral to Treaty Ports seriously serians crime po over the Colony in tausent unrasiness for one time. Whole-Dowall of some of the oldest and noblesterostostation of the Colonial Govern Treaty Ports was seriously serians crime pasonrur, the Colony in barks, and occasional autharats of piracy, business was reported to be at a standstil. sud this, the main polity of his administra darin oppression on the Talend of
declared 1946, 1849 and 12, and many as in Bale deportations of mendicants and a rerms of Hongkong, the Governor was it ment ups not materially improved during Sir Henry was declared 1946, 1849 and 12, and sh many as 70 causet uncanicess for gound time. Whole During that period, which witnessed the could be to protect the mercantile Dreaming leisurely of in glorious future, Hongkong. Both Elliot anth Kishen, the considered. Rongkong patiently waited, it were to registors of the Cessions of Hongkong, traiter and the community became divided pirazios cecurred Hongkong waters in ale deportations of mendicants and a ré-
in-quently denounced as the user was fre tiently waited, it wopro to reived antill thanks from their repeat of its overnment. The changs a conversor published the draft of a log relief to the Galany. The constitution of rial demands of the are to remate the Cus in their mutual relations and in their odu received antall thanks from their respective between friends and exeries of the Colony 1853 the case of the 3.8. Arratoon Apcar gelar system of remission of sentences in quently denounced as the cause of the supment was not materially improved during from linii urinant of its overnment. The changes con- beleg specially heart-rending When the Stamp Ordinance, his defame of the Impo Contrary, witch friction showed itself in the five Brime of Hongkong, the Governor was fre
The changes con being specially heart-rending. When the ho chue of good conduct priscuers, iu- beliore Jowish chronology-for exactly five entries. Buth are recalled in disgrace. ami of its overnment. The changes on being specially heart-rending When the
internal working of the various Departments, thousand six hundred yours after the crea. But what both the British and the requins upon the ratification of the Cestou Governor published the draft of a Flog, sugora od by the Governor, gave much good impending ruin of the Colony. Bis Civil Servico mush farsbered. On the
Craveror this period, luated these dissensions. ging Ordinanco, to sleit an expression of protestasgain! on- on of ten to the Galany. The constitution of Stamp Ordinance, his defore of the Imate nor was the organization of the the Chineau Governmente leoked upon sa att of Hongking accentuated these dissensions. ging Ordinanco, to sleit an expression of relief to the Galany. The constitution of sie demanda of the annual military contri- contrary, which friction showed itself in the the Chinese Governments liciter way the anneal military contribution, marins toms Blockade, were at that time violently nection with the head of the government. tion, till its appointed simo to enter on ut Stamp Ordinance, his defome of the Imps Ci
a
¦ then unwelcome addition to a family, either of The departure of the flect and troops, the patdie opinion, the community was fairly the Chinese Customs Service, probest again bution, and his isilure to remove the Cus internal working of the various Departments, a family, wither of The departure of the to the Foreign Laken sonok by the discovery that the Ict disputes in connection with the exten commented on. However then, with the There was dimension and dissatisfaction in stage of the world's history should come: lets had power to ansul When filio transfer of the Goremuent from the Foreign Laken aback by the discovery that the Ict disputes in conupotion with the extentoms Blockade, wore at that
Charter with Governor had an defulde was
crisis and Kishen, in 1841. signed the document to the Colonial Offies, the new Charter with Governor had no defuite views on the let disputes in connection with the exten commented on. However when, with the notion with the head of the government. the year of grace 1841.
the ceassen of Hongkong, they merely its own Colony regiot of repsentative subject, and that Elliot's determined sion of the Prays, and Sir: Stephenson's There of Crown
not been witnessed since this Inon, gave much cause for discussion, but days Bowring In the meantime, while century after on
registeret, with quat reluctance un lit and municipal furtus of administration, the policy as 10 the proper treatment of sehene of a railway from Calcutta to Kuw begining of the year 1860, the cross on this ranks of the Civil Serviss, such as had century wearily rolled by, Hongkong dides a birth which had taken place with military hauteur of the officials, suddenly left
minority as o-epared with the mercan. A dueractive typhoon and several serious did not disturb the prace of the mercantils mercial energien developed row enterprises, ant of Sir John Boninongkong
test ported th misforthe
terest was reported, the Governor was M WAY DECLARED AGAINST TUS GOVERNOR, not condescend to trouble the chroniclers out their will. And when, in 1812, the is a init ority of the officials, suddenly left aric criminals won a matter of the past. Inon, gave much cause for discussion, but felt to be over, and the long impeded com the ranks of the Civil Serviss, such as had not condescend to treads the chroniclers Plaid potentiaries of Great Britain and Christile sella mecial life, caused a sort of tunes On one ocasion (28 December,
much praised as he had been censured b
The Legislative Council Chamber also be Pakipotentiaries of Great Britain and Ulian tile s etion of the community, which nor curdsatur
caused a sort of tunes. On one ocassion (28 December, the Colony's existence.
fore. When Sir Richard MacDonnell left of the Bast, except on the occasions, when sigated the Treaty of Nanking condiruting donated in social life, caused
signed the Treaty of Nanking confiruding dominated in social life, which now cordagrations welled the Hat of misfor community during this happiest period of and a steady increase of the shipping in days of Sir John Bowring
THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR B. G. MACDONNELL..
the Colony, his departure wis deplored as came the areon of almost perpetual strife, it is dropped prophetic hints, for the the Cussion, they areig ratified with good seis) revolution. Interconren between 1851) bearly 660 Logos were destroyed, grace a bistoric fac: which no peror on officials and merchante braame strained. involving the less of 30 lives. When in
public loss by very action of the cen and finally open warfare, between the Go vernor and some of the unofficial membezak 11 Macon 1806 TO 15 APRIL, 1872. benefit of China, of the capabilities it pose a bisho
arth could unto. The Cessios neg fisted at The Curernor, enfeebled in health and addition to all the foregoing disaters, it
manity
of Council. The time of the userably was THE LICENSING OF GAMBLING HOUSES.
Agenerally angrossed by exhaustive state sozsed of furnishing zupport to the uations ce Tigris was the birth, and the Treaty irritated by the condemntion of his cow happened that, in 1643 and all the time
ments, on the part of the Governor, of the The most severe Governor Hongkong in its future struggles with its sorthern at Nanking was the ela istening of 1ler Mmeretal policy and of lis fiancial in casures, from 1851 to 185, the rate of mortality Em.jesty's Infant Pusression, aned Hotgold pure aloof from the merchants that rose frightfully bath among the troops and
financial and commercial progress of the ever, and the latter felt that he classe among civilians, Hongkong gained such a ever had, most foared by the Chinese, most
16 APRIL, 1872 TO 1 March, 1877. class-like foes. In the year 1276 A.D., the last Em-ty koag.
After having had a Governor of such a Colony, sud by polemical debates of the
polerminals peror of the Bung Dynasty, botly purened TIK ADMINISTRATION OF CAPTAIN them all with enugglere and pirates. The gehennn-like reputation that it becais respected by the Europeans, and finally
newspapera poured forth the bitterest in customary in Endland, when desiring to ex-most popular.
astonary in England, when desiring to ex- most popular among both, was Sir Richard astero typ, the advent of Bir Artur proper inciples
Graves ManDonnell. Having taken over verotype, treatment of criminals and on the rectives against the ufficials, while dit press the acme cfll-will; to say, you may Graves MagDonnell. Having taken over verotype, the by the invading Mongol hordes, found
Ove Kennedy's regime of the blandest quarity general principles of the Ginvernor's policy. 20 JANUARY To 10 Apavat, 1841.. patches to Downing Street painted the go to Hongkong for me.
the reigns of the government from the temporary shelter in the hospitable watera
Hon. W. T. Mercer, who had worthily as a great surprise to Hongkong, and These discussions had, a zułe, no practi. of Hongkong, and gratefully recorded the Captains Elliot's tank of making the Ceg-iniquitize of the me chans in ginning
Cuttinued Sir H. Robiston's policy for Sie Arding speedily bemme one of the cal reacls beyond creating an ever widening whale yone, Sir Richard MacDonnel com most popalar Governors Quietly ho 40 breach in the relations existing betweed tinued the work of his predecessors in ez the Governor and the European community. fact by a rook inscription still extant with Bion of Hongkong a success, wearer ound colours, and the hune press characteris d ed by appalling dificulties. China claimed Hongkong as the land of libel and the
menced bis adminstration by a very poppanding anded a free d Hongkong 29 this the press character THE DAIL in British territory. Again, in A.D. 1628, reveline. Free Trade demanded a free port. baunt of f ver. When Sie Haney and the
The history of Dr. Bowring's administra-lar measure. He altered the constitution paiding and perfecting the organisation of after the downfall of the last native dynasty, Foreign merdants, the opium drotera only Colonista parted. it was with intense ellef
only on snyrais, which he made by over 10,000 anule, the reformes of the excepted, preferred to remain at Manso, on both sides Ateny rate, he left langkong tion justibed tant refrain even further of the legislative Cound, won the various Government Departments and
admest the Ming, the scattered remnants of the
and the Cantonese Authorities now offer in to happier frame of mind than Captain A long and varied scries of calamities, war to consist theacetoria of 6 official and a devised various measures to induce Governad patriot army of Chios found a last refuge, tempting indnecments to the former to re- Eliot, whom he had anperseded but not with Russia and war with the Celestiat unofficial mebers (besides the Governor ment officers to study Chinese.
indnematecabio Obisese
Kingdom, the watiny in India and the Tai He from the sword of the Manchu lavader, in turn to Cantn. Respectabio Ghinese mer-xcelled.
artists and labourera word afraid
haunts and to repress the niders and One of the prominent features of Sir for the first time in its history, the sum of ping Reballios in China, defection of the next set to work to nitzak the local THE ADMINISTRATION OF chents, the forests of Hongkong
SIR JOHN DAVIS to settle at langkong, dreading the
diesensivus smarg the members of the Civil bettors of piraten within the Oolong Arthur's administration was the attention odd million dollars. The Governor made diesens oua smarg the members of the Civil With this end in view, he revised the bestowed on legislativo canotments the most of the striking differences which ilaving thus acrved in the last resort of a geance of the Mandarins. The Editor of
18 May, 1341 to 18 Novzuten, 1847. Service, and a fost superadded to the peting at the
Sir John Davis Jals are hard to improve usual horrors of piracy incendiarist, antes, and established branch offices of the statutes, Sir Arthair rather aimed at presented, when comparing the sluggishnes Chinese Emperor, and as the retreat of an the Casdon.
Davis lab are hard to improvs usual horrors of piracy incendiarism: Chinese Registration and Jank Ordin. Instead of merely multiplying the local the development of the duancial recouruss of the revenues during the preceding ad the outigang vil sonsclidating the local hw, and had a sanie timo as Lengkong'e Cassandra
the outigang vi conaclidatio which he accomulated year by Four. oppressed Chinese people, Hongkong was and as the mouthpiece of public opinion, the condition of the Colony Be critica storms and disso, to which Hongkong is Harbour Department marked out by destly to commence its prophesied that Hongkong would, at best, od, as lavishly as Sir Henry, the work of periodically subject, crowded into Sir Jahi lages around the coast: Finding that the edition of the Ordinances prepared by ministration with the magnificent sur to Commission. Although the popala-plus which he scanulated year by four. political history by becoming the refuge of become the resort of criminals, the organising the various departments of the Ewing's term adaniatiation, without Contagious Diseases Ordionnes failed to edition of the Ordinances prepared by ministration with a magnificent sur haunt of vice, the gehenna of the waters. public service, including especkily the Su any fault of his. and rendered it the most check disease, Sir Richard invested the tion of the Colony increased considerably This financial success was, however, secured reven which could possibly Moreover, it was more than probable that preme Court and the Poles Foren (under unfortunate epoel in the history of Hong Registrar General with judicial as well as during this period, the revenues did not by rigidly curtailing the expenditure of the executive powers and introduced scimo make any material progrees and this in spite Survey Department, by strict abstinenco the. Uassion would be vetoed in Faking and Oh. May), raditivou the overcrowded sel kong. the. Uassion would be than probable that preme Court and the plly the Su any fault of his, and rendered it the moat Contagious: Diseases Ording that the edition of the Ordinances
drastic measures the carrying out of which, of special paina: taken by the Governor to froin any public works which could possibly disaros would be vetoed, probable that Prunic service, includingportments of peritdically subs, to which Hongkonganbes,
ATIENTY20 HEARYE AND POISON disavowed in London Failure stared by frequent deportation to various places.
however, necessitated the employment of stirntilate the revenue derived from land be postponed, by the maintenace of an Ever since Oliver Cromwell, by his treaty Elliot in the face,
in India, built a Colonial Church, organiz.
paid informers. To check the national and from opiam. Speceative-purobase of uncosarily high rate of faration, and with Portugal (A.D. 3654), gained for Nothing daunted, however, brave Captained a grant-in-aid school system ander a
Chinese British ships free access to the waters of Elliot issued his invitations to merchants of School Board, probibited and ally suitended descent on Hongkong by large what was then considered to be the pris by the opening of the Burs award values of house propers through a gam
Reportedly if happened that rumours of paid informers. To check the national and from opiam Sunday
Suez Canst, the regime, by an adventitious inBetion of the Macso, the supercargots of the East India di what
il nationalities to settle at Hongkong, labor and drained the Happy Valloy, suitended dosent on Hongkeng by large whitewo vios of gambling, and to close and, the change in business methods caused finally, towards the end of the Governor'
tration of busi-bling minix which had seized Chiness Company, while holding the monopoly offer the protection at the British flag, and His principal therit was perhaps his dealing gangs of pit created sudden pauisa dipal source of corruption in the Palice silting up of the harbour to the eastward values of bouas property through a gan
under mong the Chaines residents. On one Force, the Governar boldly attempted to and the consequent countration ions of speculators, and the couesquently-extrabs- British Trade in the East, suffered at the commenced to organize a Government, as if with the finances of the Colony
on in town,
ugly he actioned she the land and Losse property in the construction of the Pro public works of bands of Chinese Mandarius, for a pusiod hsolately certain of success. To conciliata required antiul subsidies of sumo £40,000 sesion sevenly hundred armed Chinese regulate the vice he could not hope to ness in the opntral and watern portions of speculators, and the coursquently extrabr- of 180 year, a sort of Egyptian bondage: China, ku designed Hongkong in here her from Imperial funds. Without sinting rebels were four gathering in the to eradicate Actirdingly he sanctioned the the town, caused a sericas depreciation in dinary yield of Sir R. MacDonnell's Blanop consisting of commercial restrictions and in town, personal indignities, which were ad iuifith Chins, and desired all just tan pecially opian. On account and b
Foreign Concession within Chinese waters, public works, he improved the revenues preparing an attack on Kowloon city n Stamp personal indignition, which wore na galling than an ordinary Crown Colony inconnect by tesuing licences for the retail of articles Abotber time a dret of piratical junks, the fees of which amounted in less than outskirts of the settlement. Being than constitution of the Prays Wall, demolished ding dong commissimis front the store taken up by Goterzor trade consumed chiefly by the Chinees, and use har- Horneasy wilst many undertakings, ap
don commissimus front the threats to British self-respect as the trade than starting of a few licensed gambling houses, the valup of land and house property in the Ordinanse. With the prception of the ma
as holding in to British self-respect as the trade itse.fed with Chins, and desired all just trade consumed chiefly by the Chinees, and us. holding on compone in the hat three years to $340,000 With the excep short of lunde, Bir Arter was unable to by the typhoon of 1874, no publia works of was profitable to the purse of the Com charges, dun to the Chiese Empire, to be pecially opian. On account of the latter Rebel Emperor sought refuge in the tion of the China Mail and siz Proscatant undertake large public works himself. But any magnitude store taken up by Governor
paid to China as if the trade ware conduas he was havover violently blamed by the bour of Hongkong After the outbreak of Min pany's Directors. It vain did the Honour bar of Government and auxiously desired by the able East India Company alternately cajole; ed at Whampoa Bat, in deference to Free Colonial Treasurer M. Martin), who resight drown War testben, a state, dis moral six pablic opinion at first strongly sequent administrations, were first moted proved by Council, sanctioned by the Home
supported the Ogverne. But after a time, and discussed in his timis. threaten and bribes recessive Vlored the 18 October, 1406), the S. 8. Missionaries, thenesforth known as the some great projects, carried out by ab Horneasy alt many oudertakings,
Community; were under various pretexts Viceroys and
THE TOBITMENT OF URIME,
deferred front year to yourA Hoppus at Canton; in gain did George III Trade nions, ho actermined also that protesting that the Government should Tikils was take by Chinese soldiers, Brat Hoppisis a Canton, is gain did George III Chins should lary hill import or export nut mako privato vite a surce of public teraw.
import or export nut mako privato vite a surce of public subed as pagers, who murdered the supported the Opverne. But after a time,
Although Bir Arthur Komedy was a matt
WAZO INDIGNATION MESTISU--FUK MERUIFUL laboriously peu sulegraph letters to the duties at Wempos or Canton and to make reveras, and thenceforth laboured with his whole Europe craw. About the same aroused to the subject, the Chamber of Commerce pronounced the measure mis Emperor of China; in vain did the costly the conscience of the home country was
The principal subject on which the oinhassies of Lord Macartney (A.D. 1792) adoption of this compromise, though it not only useless but injurions to British pulsoned by arranis put into conclusion of chicvous, the Chief Justico dusharoit it of a very different type, empared with Sir sinhassion of Lord Mccartney. (A. D. 1732) Hongkong an absolutely from port. The protac pen to prove that longkong was time (16 Jatna 1857) many residents wore aroused on the subject, the Chamber of
The prin and Lord Amberst (A.D. 1815) push th ir troubled the Crown Lawyers at first and de-interests in Chias, and that it should be re- their breakfast ills. On the conclusion of ilegal, and the Governor was compelled Richard MacDonnell, he falls adopted the way to Peking, China's persistent claim of layed the sanction of the Cemion, wee the stored to the Chinese in change for Chu the Tintain eaty (5 July, 1858) the to close the houses and to segregate the latter's popalar polior with regard to the
change for Antonese Autorities ordered a general revenue delived from them, as a special treatment of crime, musdiately after his divided, was the question of the methods to ແມ່, .. holding the acre creigaty of the whole world, making of funging
uxodus from Ingkong of alf Chinese in loveruor and this whole community was battressed by Manchu antipathy nigsinst
Enfo: cam cup, and the food supply of fund; for the exclusive benifit of the arrival, Sir Arthur Kennedy re-intredere divided, was the question of the methods to all equitable intercourse with Europe and
Buing convinced that, it was vain to ex- Mandarinçum's contempt of coniinérco
In his dealings with the Chinese the Colony was actually stopped until the Chinese commenity, A large portion of Sir R. McDonnell's bestilling and dogging be employed in repressing crime in a continued. At the same time he materially in almost exclusively confined to Chinese, ingrossed the severity of gaol dist and dis- to whom, in comparison with the barbarous as a at Chinese atrod of the Tunges Hospila.. && low and degrading occupation, formed not any fusion in the fature Colony of Gererurient and the local. Ohings re davaru z lira od reprisale and had the the money was subsequently given in aid Ordinances which had been temporarily cits. Colony like Hongkong whore serious cring cipline. For four years after this, there was methods of their Gun Government, ins the Great Wall of Cinese exclusivism which its European and Chinese elecrents, Elliot sidents Sir John, though former narest Distric oily (Namlau) bombarded
expecially neat successfully defied all effects of the Eset termined, in order to prevent the ful Superintendent of Trade in 1985 and Place was natoly rampant in Hongkong
Sir Richard Haancial measures were steady annual decrease in orime, sapedially prisonment, short diet and hard labour ars India Company and of the British Govers. Shreat of Cassidra's prophecy, to build reported Chinese scholar was rather watera throughout this porind, and this in ment. But a war movement impelled by up the excutive and judicial governunfortunate bitinngh fie suscseded in spite of repeated whoissale destruction, by
frots a Cant
pora: pubiahmeat in any shape or form, while the community considered foggiast. a new fires, now alike to Chius and gubbess as
to ment of the Oslony on the basis extreating from a Canton efficial na Iritish gunboat of large piratical fleets, the source of the greatest trouble bas regards burglaries piracy and daag- o deterans se all. The trovector arrived
Thong. at
and Berere pablic flagging indispensable for Enrope-free trade aided by a free press of systematie fusion their mercial crisia was impendium both in TIS OPENING OF
, in the peat 1827. bertatiifurcation. The bug Indiject acknowledgment of British at the pirates, dad byuropean mis niso the greatest triumph of his regime, ping but in 1876 orimo surmenced on the car as a strong opponent of cor- Was inaugurated at Canton, in the year 1827. bear of class leisti did not deter vereignty over Chinese residing in Hang creants lika E Beggs and governed by a At the time of his arrival, a general com.oreasing again.
Asiatice hands of the Canton Viceroy by subjecting condition, whilst large publis
Nothing over affected the commerce of the wetters of the Colony. A compromise by British merchants whose interests had him. He was certain that to trest Asiatics kong and theagh he strengthened the water spirit like Blu Too-Wong, lind their mercial crisis was impending both in THE OPENING OF THE SUBZ CANAL, taught there to he's the tyranny of the and European slike, would cause mischief, hanes of the Canton Viceroy by subjecting headquarters in Hongkong and their allies Europe and in China, and the Colonial Kast India Company's maunupoly as rouch as Accordingly, all regilents of Hongkong local members of the Triad Sosiaty to imong the Chinese employes of important exchequer was in terribly embarrassed Hongkong, as indeed the whole Chita was impossible By voluminons stress of they loathed the bondage of Ohings op were to be treats! as British subjects, but branding on the theek, the Vicary in public offices whilst the Police Force was condition, whilst laga public works des Trade, more than the opening of the Sues Ggures the Governor labouted with the pression. Fareniest sapong these men, the while all non-Chinese were to be governed rotund had Osiness subjects arrested believed to be leavened with corruption. nanded an expenditure which it seemed Canal and the coruption of teleguphic endommate all of the orator and the real aboesters both of Free Trade and of as Englishmen and to be placed under within the Oudony. Again, sithough the Occasional destructive rain-storms gales impossible to meet without having recciame connection between Hongkong and the rest diplomatst, ademenstrato that Sir Arthur's the free Colony of Hongkong, were W English civil and criminal jurisdiction, all overur humoured the Chingas commasint and conflagrations added zest to the con- loen in die sunt rectus of the world. The diage was nothing to introduction of Sir R. MacDonnell's Jardine, W. S. Davidson, R. Inglis, and Cinese residents, secured it the free starty by seeking to govern them through their thons taracil of publs disaster
the Governor forthwith stopped the build- short of a complète commercial ravdation, Ursading and flogging Ordinances bud tioi especially the brothers A. Muthusen und J. cise of their are religious and social cus. own kemuren (pochsung and pekan), the Ye, thru heut this troubled period, the ing of the costly Stonecutter's Lalad Gaol, and it took. Hongkong merchants several only failed to reduce crime but increased t Mathcapo. It was the spirit which moved toms, wore to to gevormed and junged as Chioss) residents, dissatisfied war the new wires of ghung continued standily discontinued under the advice of a Oom yours to rexling the magnitude of the change. The composinity stubbornly held the rer
Britain's Freo Trado in China
by
THE BAST INDIA COMPANY.
an
CH. ELLIOT, RN.
-*- BIFURCATED SEATÍAS.,
·Yea-
A SUERDER TO CHINESE ARROSENUE.
ADMINISTRATION OF SIR
JOHN BOWRING..
THE
13 ÁPRIL 1:51 ro 16 May, 1859..
EUROPEANS.
THE STAMP ACT,
CONSOLIDATION OF ORDINANCES.
-to
BUSPERSION OF PUBLIC WORKE
As the population sticreased during this
also made a proportionate advance, The annual Income of the Colony nonexceeded,
by
own
Bor-