131. During the year under review eleven officers of the Department completed study courses: two officers in the MSW Degree course at the University of Toronto, one officer in the MSW Degree course at McGill University, one in the MSW Degree course at the University of Hawaii, two in the Diploma course in Applied Social Studies at the University College of Swansea, one in Social Leadership Course at St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, one in the training course of the UNAFE Institute for Prevention of Crimes and Treatment of Offenders at Tokyo and one in the training programme for Sheltered Workshop Floor Supervisors in the USA sponsored by World Rehabil- itation Fund, Inc.; two other officers completed the Certificate course in Social Studies at the University of Hong Kong.
132. At the end of March nine officers were still engaged in studies abroad for Master of Social Work at the Universities of British Columbia and McGill; Master of Arts specializing in Audio-Communicative Disability at New York University; Diploma in Social Leadership at the Coady International Institute; St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia; Diploma in Social Studies at Swansea; Teacher's course of Mentally Handicapped arranged by the National Association for Mental Health at Bristol; Certificate in Applied Social Studies at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Diploma in Child Study at the University of Toronto; Master of Social Work at the Western Reserve University. Locally one officer was studying at the Chinese University of Hong Kong for the degree of Bachelor of Social Science.
133. The effect that these training course have had on the qualifica- tions of staff in the department may be judged at Appendix 21 which shows the comparative numbers of qualified officers serving in profes- sional posts ten years ago and at present, with the position of last year inserted for reference.
CHAPTER VI
OFFICIAL AND VOLUNTARY CO-OPERATION
134. Social work provides many examples of official and voluntary enterprise working together, through consultation and agreement. The initiative in providing welfare services in Hong Kong was taken long ago by voluntary organizations, and there are many agencies that can point to a history of service since the nineteenth century. The govern-
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