THE ECONOMY
in the 1994 budget from 17.5 per cent). Tax is payable on the actual profits for the year of
assessment.
Profits tax is paid initially on the basis of profits made in the year preceding the year of assessment and is subsequently adjusted according to profits actually made in the assess- ment year. Generally, all expenses incurred in the production of assessable profits are deductible. There is no withholding tax on dividends paid by corporations, and dividends received from corporations are exempt from profits tax. In 1993-94, the government received some $40 billion in profits tax, amounting to about 24 per cent of the total revenue. Salaries tax is charged on emoluments arising in, or derived from, Hong Kong. The basis of assessment and method of payment are similar to the system for profits tax. Tax payable is calculated on a sliding scale which progresses from two per cent on the first segment of net income (that is, income after deduction of allowances) of $20,000, to nine per cent and per cent on the second and third segments of $30,000 each, respectively, and then to 20 per cent on remaining net income. No one, however, pays more than 15 per cent of their total income. The earnings of husbands and wives are reported and assessed separately. However, where either spouse has allowances that exceed his or her income, or when separate assessments would result in an increase in salaries tax payable by the couple, they may elect to be assessed jointly. Salaries tax contributed some $23 billion, or 14 per cent of total revenue, in 1993-94. Due to generous personal allowances under Hong Kong tax law, about 44 per cent of the territory's workforce has no salaries tax liability at all.
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Owners of land or buildings in Hong Kong are charged property tax at the standard rate of 15 per cent of the actual rent received, less an allowance of 20 per cent for repairs and maintenance. There is a system of provisional payment of tax similar to that for profits tax and salaries tax. Property owned by a corporation carrying on a business in Hong Kong is exempt from property tax (but profits derived from ownership are chargeable to profits tax). Receipts from property tax totalled $1.5 billion in 1993–94.
The Stamp Duty Ordinance imposes fixed and ad valorem duties on different classes of documents relating to assignments of immovable property, leases and share transfers. The revenue from stamp duties accounted for about 11 per cent of total revenue, or some $18 billion, in 1993–94.
Betting duty is imposed on bets at the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and on the proceeds of Mark Six lotteries the only legal forms of betting in Hong Kong. The duty now accounts for about six per cent of total revenue. The rate of duty is 11.5 per cent, or 17.5 per cent of the amount of the bet (depending on the type of bet placed), and 20 per cent on the proceeds of lotteries. The yield in 1993-94 totalled some $10 billion.
Estate duty is imposed on estates valued at over $5.5 million, at levels ranging from six per cent to a maximum of 18 per cent, while a hotel accommodation tax of five per cent is imposed on expenditure on accommodation by guests in hotels and guest-houses.
The Customs and Excise Department is responsible for collecting and protecting duty revenue. The Dutiable Commodities Ordinance imposes controls on the import, export, manufacture, sale and storage of dutiable items. In 1993-94, $7.1 billion was collected in duties, accounting for about four per cent of total revenue. Duties are levied on four groups of commodities - hydrocarbon oils, alcoholic liquor, methyl alcohol and tobacco.
Duties are imposed irrespective of whether the product concerned is locally manufactured or imported. There is no discrimination on the grounds of geographic origin.
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