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the case of the female training centre inmates, 86 in the case of young male prisoners and 92 in the case of the young female prisoners.
Correctional Services Industries
Correctional Services Industries enable prisoners and inmates to be usefully employed during their sentence. They provide goods and services to the government and help offenders develop good work ethics, which helps prepare them for release. Garment- making and laundry are the principal trades employing the largest number of prisoners. Other trades include pre-cast concrete, metal work, carpentry, shoe-making and silkscreen- printing. Some prisoners are also employed in the domestic and maintenance activities of the institutions. The Correctional Services Industries employed 4 314 prisoners and inmates on manufacturing activities, 214 on services, activities and 2 421 on domestic functions at the end of the year.
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A second concrete workshop was set up at Tai Lam Correctional Institution to increase both the quantity and the range of kerbstones and pavement slabs for various highways projects. During the year improvements were also made to many other workshops. Higher quality standards and better quality measurement routines were developed. Most trades are now covered by quality assurance programmes. Workshop efficiencies continue to improve through better workshop management techniques and measurement processes. The com- mercial value of goods and services provided by the Correctional Services Industries for the year was $157.1 million, an increase of 19 per cent over the previous year.
Education
Offenders under the age of 21 attend educational classes conducted by qualified teachers. Textbooks used in schools are modified by the teachers to provide the inmates with more suitable and practical learning materials.
Adult offenders may, on a voluntary basis, attend evening classes run by part-time lecturers from the Adult Education Section of the Education Department. Jointly with the Extra-mural Studies Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, an advanced course in painting was also organised for adult prisoners.
A number of prisoners prepare for external examinations through correspondence courses, self-study courses and special courses but the majority are prepared through the institutions' vocational training courses. These examinations include the Food and Beverage Service Examination and Telecommunications Examination of the City and Guilds of London Institute, Pitman Examinations, the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Examinations and the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination.
Medical Services
All institutions have a medical unit providing treatment and health care, including radiodiagnostic and pathological examinations as well as prophylatic inoculations for persons in custody. Basic medical care is administered within the institutions. Inmates requiring specialist treatment are either referred to a visiting consultant or transferred to a government hospital. Essential dental treatment is also provided.
Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre and a psychiatric observation unit at Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre treat prisoners with mental health problems, and offer psychiatric consultations and assessment for inmates referred by other institutions and the courts.
Ante-natal and post-natal care is available at institutions for women and in the closed centres for refugees. Births are normally given in government hospitals.