PRIMARY PRODUCTION
99
development purposes. However, most of the land consists of woodlands, grass or scrub lands. The following table shows the distribution of different land uses in the territory:
Class
(i) Urban built-up lands
Approximate area (square kilometres)
105
Percentage of whole
9.8
=
7.0
20.5
(ii) Rural developed lands
75
(iii) Woodlands
(iv) Grass and scrub lands
32
220
533
49.8
(v) Badlands
44
4.1
(vi) Swamp and mangrove lands (vii) Arable
0.1
72
6.7
(viii) Fish ponds
21
2.0
Remarks
Main urban area of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and eight new towns in the New Territories (Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Fanling, Tai Po, Sha Tin, Junk Bay and Tin Shui Wai) including district open space (parks and gardens) but excluding all other non-built-up land.
Rural market towns and villages and other developed sites in the New Territories such as reservoirs, roads and railways.
Natural and established woodlands.
Natural grass and scrub lands, including those
within country parks.
Stripped of cover. Denuded granite country.
Capable of regeneration.
Coastal brackish swamp and mangrove. Cultivable lands, including orchards and market gardens, under cultivation and fallow.
Fresh and brackish water fish farming exclud- ing coastal marine fish farms but including fallow farms.
Agricultural Industry
The government's policy is to enhance the productivity of the local agricultural industry, through increased technical and economic efficiency, improved stability of production and maintenance of orderly and efficient marketing. It also seeks to protect the consumer from unnecessarily high food prices by ensuring that local produce of acceptable standards is marketed efficiently and to maintain a reliable source of fresh primary products to the community.
Common crops are vegetables, flowers, fruit and other field crops. The value of crop production has increased from $93 million in 1963 to $439 million in 1987. Vegetable production accounts for more than 82 per cent of the total value, having increased from $64 million in 1963 to $359 million in 1987.
The main vegetable crops are white cabbage, flowering cabbage, lettuce, Chinese kale, radish, watercress, leaf mustard, spring onion and chives. They grow throughout the year, with peak production in the cooler months. Water spinach, string beans, Chinese spinach, green cucumber and many species of Chinese gourd are produced in summer. A wide range of exotic temperate vegetables including tomato, sweet pepper, cabbage, celery, head lettuce, cauliflower and carrot is grown in winter. Straw mushroom is also produced, using industrial cotton waste as the growing medium.
Among the common types of flowers, gladioli and chrysanthemums grow throughout the year: dahlias, roses, asters, snapdragons and carnations are produced in winter; ginger lilies and lotus flowers in summer. A wide range of ornamental plants - including philoden- drons, dieffenbachia, bamboo palms and poinsettia - is produced in commercial nurseries. Peach blossom and ornamental citrus are grown specially for the Lunar New Year. The area of land under vegetables and flowers increased from 910 hectares in 1954 to 4 790 hectares in 1976 but declined gradually to 2 510 hectares in 1987, mainly as a result of new town development.