INDUSTRY AND TRADE
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The Federation of Hong Kong Industries was established by statute in 1960 to promote and protect the interests of Hong Kong industry and to provide a strong central organisation to which all manufacturing industries in Hong Kong could belong. It advises the government on all matters affecting Hong Kong industry and effectively reflects industry's views to government. It has a membership which is broadly representative of all industries. The Federation provides a wide range of services to both members and non-members, covering certificates of origin, trade enquiries and joint venture requests, translation services, specialised research tailored to particular needs. Through its Design and Packaging Centre which is the executive arm of the Design Council of Hong Kong, the Federation offers design and packaging depository and consultancy services. It organises the annual Governor's Award for Hong Kong Design competition. It operates the Q-Mark Scheme, under the supervision of the Hong Kong Q-Mark Council, and through which licences are issued in respect of products found to comply with internationally approved standards and manufactured under an adequate quality control system. The Federation also services the Hong Kong Toys Council, which is open to all companies and manufac- turers interested in the toy business in Hong Kong. It publishes a monthly magazine, the Hong Kong Industrial News, and a Members' Directory. It sponsors exhibitions and fairs, and organises seminars and conferences on various industrial issues.
The Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong was established in 1934. It has a membership of over 3 600 industrial and trade establishments. A member of the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce, the CMA has played an important role in the industrial development of Hong Kong and is widely consulted by the government in connection with formulation and implementation of public policies. It is authorised by the government to issue certificates of origin. It operates a trade enquiry section and sponsors trade fairs in support of trade promotion, promotes product development, and holds the annual Hong Kong New Products Competition. It also provides services to introduce new technology, encourage investment and promote trade. The CMA Testing and Certification Labora- tories provide a wide variety of services including product testing, certification, production and pre-shipment inspection and technical consultancy. The association promotes in- dustrial safety and manpower development in the industrial sector and runs two prevoca- tional schools which provide technical education for more than 2 000 students.
Founded in 1900, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong, is an association of Chinese firms and businessmen resident in Hong Kong. It has a membership of more than 5 000. In addition to the traditional activities of a chamber of commerce, it maintains close contact with trade organisations in China and actively seeks to promote two-way trade between China and Hong Kong. This is highlighted by the fact that since 1957 the chamber has been authorised by the Chinese Export Commodities Fair authorities to issue invitations on their behalf to Chinese firms situated in Hong Kong. It is also one of the five commercial and industrial organisations authorised by the government to issue Hong Kong certificates of origin. In 1985, it became a functional constituency of the Legislative Council together with the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, the Federation of Hong Kong Industries and the Chinese Manufacturers' Association.
The Hong Kong Management Association is an incorporated body established in 1960 for the purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of management in Hong Kong. Institutional and individual membership totals over 7 000. The association operates under its auspices a number of specialists clubs which provide opportunities for groups with similar interests to share and further develop their expertise. It regularly offers management consultancy and knowledge/skills oriented courses. More than 1000 programmes are