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PUBLIC ORDER
The department exported industrial products for the first time in 1982; 315 pairs of sandals were produced for the police service in Tonga, and 100 fibreglass cell beds were supplied to the Macau Prison Service. The total commercial value of goods and services was estimated to be $57 million, an increase of 21.3 per cent compared with the previous year.
Visiting Justices
Visiting Justices are appointed by the Governor and each penal establishment is visited by two Justices of the Peace (one official, one unofficial) fortnightly or monthly depending on the type of institution. The justices are required to carry out certain statutory duties such as the investigation of complaints made to them by prisoners, the inspection of diets and the examination of accommodation. They are required to report in writing to the Governor any abuses they observe or discover. They are also required to assist the Commissioner of Correctional Services with advice and suggestions on the employment of prisoners, with particular reference to their employment opportunities on discharge. All comments, suggestions and recommendations are carefully evaluated and considered for appropriate action. Visits are undertaken at times and on days of the justices' own choosing, within a prescribed period, and take place without prior notice. They also inspect closed centres holding Vietnamese refugees, paying special attention to standards of accommodation, diet, medical facilities and complaints from detainees. In 1982, 388 visits were made to the various institutions, including closed centres.
Medical Services in Penal Institutions and Closed Centres
All penal institutions are equipped with hospitals or sick bays providing health care, including vaccinations, inoculations and chest X-rays for inmates. Full dental care is given to those serving a sentence of more than three years, and routine and emergency treatment is available for those serving shorter sentences.
Medical and surgical emergencies are transferred to government hospitals while less urgent cases are referred to visiting consultants or to government specialist clinics. Two psychiatrists from Castle Peak Hospital visit Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre and the Psychiatric Observation Unit of Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre daily to provide treatment, to prepare psychiatric reports for the courts and to examine prisoners referred for assessment from other institutions. During 1982, a total of 1 956 prisoners and inmates voluntarily donated blood to the Hong Kong Red Cross.
Medical services are also available in closed centres for Vietnamese refugees. A clinic staffed by fully qualified medical personnel is provided in each centre.
Staff Training
Newly-appointed officers and assistant officers undergo training for one year. The first six months' basic training includes two months covering basic operational knowledge and skills, and essential background information about the service and the government; two months attachment to an institution with exposure to actual working conditions; and two months intermediate training. Staff are then posted to institutions for a further four months to undertake a greater degree of responsibility, and the final two months' training deals with more advanced aspects of correctional knowledge and techniques.
Throughout the course, trainees are taught the rules and legal provisions relating to the management of penal institutions, as well as operational routines and technical skills such as foot drill, self-defence, use of weapons and first aid. Lectures in social science subjects