98
EDUCATION
7,765 were university graduates and 13,942 were trained non- graduates. Another 5,093 teachers were engaged in tutorial, evening and special afternoon classes, and 145 were in special schools. At the end of the 1967-8 school year the ratio of pupils to teachers in all types of primary and secondary day schools was 31.4:1.
Most teacher training is carried out by the Education Department's three Colleges of Education-Northcote, Grantham and Sir Robert Black. All three colleges are now offering full-time two-year courses designed to produce non-graduate teachers qualified to teach in primary schools and the lower forms of secondary schools. Normal one-year courses have been discontinued. A special one-year course is offered at Northcote College of Education for diploma holders from certain other post-secondary institutions. Specialist third year courses are offered from September 1968 to train specialist teachers in mathematics, domestic science, music, and art. These courses are intended to train teachers for secondary schools. ངར་
The colleges also organize in-service courses of training for un- qualified teachers. These are part-time evening courses, in either Chinese or English, of two years' duration. Successful students are awarded a certificate granting qualified teacher status.
Fees for full-time two-year and special one-year courses are $400 a year, but students may apply for interest-free loans not exceeding $1,200 per annum; in addition, maintenance grants of up to $1,600 per annum may be made to needy students. Students of full-time specialist third year courses pay no tuition fees; they receive mainte- nance grants of $2,000 per annum and may also apply for interest- free loans not exceeding $1,200 per annum if they are new graduates, or receive full pay if they have been serving teachers.
In September there were 1,095 students in the two-year courses, 23 in the special one year course, 43 in the specialist third year course and 842 in the in-service training course.
ADULT EDUCATION
Adult education is provided by the Education Department for adults to make up for educational deficiencies, to improve employ- ment prospects and to develop a fuller and richer life.