5
Primary Production
It is frequently and properly said that Hong Kong has no natural resources and that its people depend for their livelihood on selling the products of their manufacturing industries. The 1961 census showed just under 90,000 people as directly employed in farming and fishing, and another 10,000 in mining and quarrying. Yet little more than 5 per cent of Hong Kong is actually built up and Hong Kong's industrial explosion, however dramatic, has by no means overwhelmed the traditional life of the farmer and the fisherman. Indeed the vigour of the farming and fishing industries is best demonstrated by the way in which they too are adapting to changed conditions.
The population influx of the nineteen fifties had its effect upon the countryside as well as the city. While the growth of the urban population created new demands for the produce of the farms, new people and new methods were moving in to meet them. There has been a steady reduction in the number of people growing rice on their own land and an increase in the number of recent immigrants renting land for intensive vegetable production or poultry farming. At the same time rice farmers have been encouraged to diversify by planting vegetables after the harvesting of a second rice crop. These trends, and parallel improvements in the fishing industry, are in line with government policy to stimulate the produc- tion of food where this is compatible with the best use of the resources of land or sea.
LAND UTILIZATION
From a farmer's viewpoint all the readily cultivable land in Hong Kong is already being exploited and what is left, apart from land alienated to industrial and urban use, is marginal. Pressure comes on the land from two directions the continued and steady demand for land for industry and housing, and the need to meet the growing needs of the rural community. It is important to remember that 79.1 per cent of the total area of the territory is marginal land,