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EDUCATION
sense and personal fulfilment in communal activities. Apart from regular nightly activities, music appreciation, choral singing, physical education, educational film-shows and group discussions are organized once or twice a week; a social evening or concert is held once a month, the entertainment being provided by mem- bers. Educational visits are arranged periodically. Groups formed to study elementary art, photography, harmonica playing, paper- sculpture, Chinese boxing and dramatics, have met with consider- able success. Civics talks are well attended and always arouse enthusiastic discussion. Training conferences for the supervisory staff and for voluntary helpers are held during the summer vacation.
The Department of Extra-Mural Studies of the University of Hong Kong has expanded considerably in recent years and now provides a wide variety of studies in its total of 151 courses. The present enrolment is 3,024.
The Technical College Evening Department offers courses in various technical and commercial subjects. Other forms of adult education are provided by private night schools and voluntary organizations.
TEACHERS AND TEACHER-TRAINING
In March there were 22,633 full-time and part-time teachers employed in registered day schools, of whom 6,130 were university graduates and 10,023 trained non-graduates. In addition, 4,843 teachers were engaged in tutorial, evening and special afternoon classes and 114 were in special schools. At the end of the 1962-3 school year the ratio of pupils to teachers in all types of schools was 28:1. School classes are planned to have a maximum of 45 pupils in primary classes and 40 in secondary classes. The required qualifications for teachers are a university degree, a certificate in a special subject, or a teaching certificate. Most teacher-training is done by the Education Department's three colleges-Northcote College, Grantham College and Sir Robert Black College.
The Grantham and Sir Robert Black Training Colleges offer a full-time one-year course for students from secondary schools. Instruction is in Chinese and the course qualifies successful students to teach in primary schools. Northcote Training College offers, in