EDUCATION
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in October 1955. The scheme has proved very successful and there are now 12 centres.
The programmes organized at the centres are divided into four categories: educational, cultural, physical and social. Apart from regular evening activities, music appreciation, choral singing, physical education, educational film-shows, and group discussions are organized once or twice a week; a social evening or concert is held once a month, the entertainment being provided by members. Educational visits are arranged periodically. Groups for elementary art, photography, harmonica, paper-sculpture, Chinese boxing and dramatics, etc, have met with considerable success. Talks on baby- care, housecraft and on general health have also been well attended. A series of talks centred on the topic 'human relations at home and in the community' aroused very enthusiastic discus- sions. A number of Government Departments also provide lectures and demonstrations from time to time at the centres on a variety of topics of general interest to adults. These topics aim at helping people to acquire a better understanding of their place in the com- munity and of the work of different departments. Each centre is controlled by an organizer, who deals with administration, and three supervisors who direct the various activities. The staff is largely recruited from the teaching profession, and is carefully selected on the basis of personal qualities suitable for this type of work. All staff undergo a period of nine months' training at special evening courses, and a short residential conference is held during the summer vacation.
TEACHERS AND TEACHER TRAINING
Teachers. There are 21,152 teachers employed in registered schools. This number includes both full-time and part-time teachers; 4,589 are university graduates and 6,374 are trained non- graduates. At the end of the 1961 school year the ratio of pupils to teachers was 28.3:1 in all types of schools. School classes are planned to have a maximum of 45 pupils in primary classes and 40 in secondary classes. The required qualifications for teachers are a university degree, or a certificate in a special subject or a teaching certificate.