RIA HONGKONO.
TREAMONSTER.
highest 16, lowasi, 58,
Table of the Winds.
15
1840
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.
The P. and O Company also Intend to send luxuriant olgeter than the vine lost to itself would not two fast river boats to ply between the and Centru produced; but then the produce would have ton. We feel assured that from the genuity, of been not one but fly ripe clusters, whose united tromoure that passes to and from Canton, and the value far exceeds that of the one. By such a pro- increased number of passengers, which invariably cosa the gardener diverts a small portion of sap, and the penis un expedious and regular conveyance, artes all the rest. Such is the natural operation
boats will pay well
Mr Olding will no doubt givethe Directors every Information as to the class of boats we require Speed, a light traf of water, and screw propellers, that they may hoor off the factories, with an airy Cabin, are the chief requisites. A Gentleman lately NW from England, states that the P. and O. Company have a steam boat on the Nile such as we require for the Canton trade. The Nile boat has paddle wheels, but for navigating among the numerous vessels near Canton, a propeller "would be mora auitable.
01
GENSKAL REMARIN. esa range of the Barometer, owing to the humation of easterly and northerly winds, was the age of the month during the arter, the Bread were very strong in the Jucdersdag with day light.
NOTICE. No advertisements, will be received, until 4 Clack, on the meanings previous to publi
1350. Thesdays and Fridaya
Bagland
LATEST DATES.
Now. 24 Sydney
Used Bars Ot
Ji Batavia
Celentan
Des
8 Singapore
Nov. Deo. Jany.
96 30 12
Bambay
Dois.
16 Manila
Deir
C. of 0.Hope Co.
13| Bhanghai 30
3 Jany. Jany. 15
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE. VICTORIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 30TH, 1817.
PASSENGERS PER BRAGANZA." Megar Silverlock, Anderson, Wilkinson, and Dixwell for EsGLAND. Gilbert Smith, Esq., Mrs Emith, 9 Children, and 1Servant, and W Leslie, Esq. for MALTA. Mr Middleton, for CALOUTTA. Mr Pacheco for SINGAPORE.
CANTON,
Our advices from the provincial city are very unsatisfactory. The position of the foreign Residents becomes worse daily, and it is to be feared that the Chinese officials do not endeavour to cheek the inso.
lence of the mos. Before the treaty, Foreigners could walk through the streets to the back of the factories with perfect safety, and short excursions were made on the opposite side of the river without running the risk of being pelted with stones. that we have a treaty, things are changed. It has become dangerous to appear outside the factory gates, and our position is in every respect worse than it was
before the war.
Now
The following extract from a private letter gives
■ correct exposition of the liberty enjoyed by the foreign radonta at Canton :--
- The effects of the subserviener of our Authorities in their negotiations with the local Government at Canton, are sufficiently obvious in the curtailment which daily deccoes more and more visible, of the few privileges we enjoy in that miserable place of sojourn. The temple at Hanan, nearly opposite the Factories, which two years ago no one ever feared to visit, even with ladies, now could not be approached without the almost certainty of a pelting and other insols. The streets in the rear of the Faces, in which we could occasionally saunter away an hour looking at curiosities, lew dare venture into now, the walks of the river side just beyond the factories, where * formerly enjoyed air and exercise, can seldom be resorted to now without insult, and are abandoned by foreigners. Our Consuls in China are degraded into the position of Chinese Revenue Officers, and (doubtless acting Bader instructions) in too many instances mistake the object of their appointment by identifying themselves with Chloe Haterests, instead of acting for the advantage of their Country, and insisting upon an adherence to the privileges which the Trealf was intended to confer upan
Four Foreigners intending to visit the temple of long- arity overlooking the City, and which I bave visited in company with an English lady, without molestation, were pelted the other day, and some received injuries from the stones
E
i
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of the farm system on commerce
We could not illustrate this more forcibly than
by referring directly to the operation of the pium farm at Hongkong. The farmer during last year sold at the rate of 1 14th of the quantity sold under But the former system. In money the difference is about two millions of dollars, or £425,000 before we can estimate aright the loss to the island, we must remember that those who formerly pur chaned the lost 13 parts, at the same time purchased a proportional amount of British goods. Now that the whole of the cplum trade in transferred to Can ton, the trade in goods there is left in the hands of Chinese merchants, who charge what prices they choose to the consumer, and prevent low import prices leading to increased consumption.
But there are other grievances that universally dlinch to the farm system Indeed, the chief prio- Vance complained of under the Stowarts was the inquisitorial power with which it armed the far mer-of entering any house to see that his rights
"La consequence of luformation received by Mr Cald. well, Assistant Superintendent of Police, the Government Gunboat was despatched, on the morning of the 28, to the neighbourhood of Shek-pal-wan, in search of these pi- Alical Junks. On reaching these eruizing ground, they observed a suspicious-looking boat standing over from Cheang chow, and made towards her. As they neared ber she put out number of oars, and pulled for the Tam ma, which she reached a quarter of an hour before the Gunboat. As sog as the former touched the shore, seven-
ware not infringed. Every one knows that his as ty of eighty armed Chinamen landed, and yan across the bills, carrying bundles of goods with them. Mr Caldwell, sumed right not only became the pretext for most with fourteen of the crew of the funboat, landed and pur- cruel oppresion, but was used as a cloak for gross sued the fugitives, and with the assistance of the villagers, immorality, as in the case of the profligate pos- who readily lent their aid, succeedel in capturing twenty
sessor of the gold-lace monopoly. No one can of them. On board the boat were found, one jar and one
toil the oppressions perpetrated on poor Chinose bag of gunpowder, one bag of Iron shot, one bag of stink- pois, one bag of fireballs, twelve loaded bamboos, two suspected of infringing the monopoly. We do not large and two small ginjalls loaded, four tron ginjal cher-say the the farmer himself is another Villiers, who gers, one loaded masket, a large quantity of paper mat systematically makes his monopoly a pretext for ches and torches, six large bousebreaking hatchets, two
lawless deeds; but he is obliged to keep up a pre- picks used in housebreaklug, alx shields, and about two
ventive service; and the men employed in it have dozen bamboo pikes, and on the hill were found two boxes powder, stinkpois, &c., were all lyleg together, and it was but, under pretext of performing their duty, to of clothes, and a dagger stained with blood. The gun-been known not only illegally to strain their powers, evidently the intention to make an explosion, as a train
commit acts of robbery and piracy. On a recent Jed from them towards a burning joss-stick,, which forta. nately bad slipped of the plank where it had been placed, occasion they were eveu convicted of attempting to Seven of the prisoners who had been registered, were plunder a boat's crew in the neighbourhood of committed on a charge of piracy; the other thirteen were, Hongkong; but they were dismissed by the English Judge, because before they had accomplished their purpose, they had got beyound the pale of British jurisdiction,"
by order of His Excellency the Governor, forwarded to the Chinese authorities at Cow loon, accompanied with a statement of the charge preferred against them. One of the leaders has been recognized as having formerly acted in the capacity of a pilot.”-China Mail, January 29.
H. M. Treasury, Hongkong,
May. 19, 1845,
But there are
air,--I was favoured on 18th instant with your communication of 7th February, acknowledging the receipt of a copy of my Report on Chosan. on Hongkong, be found useful. that be gratified if that report, and also my Report Every day I am more and more fully impreved
over the misplacement and waste of national re- with the error of our present policy; and griera sources, and of individual energy. too many persons interested in the present state of things to induce a hope that the expenditure here will be reduced, or that another and better position for our commerce will be sought in China. T Governor intends, I understand, to stop here five years, by which time it is expected he will have save at least 30,0001, as he does not spend the terest of his salary as Governor. Others have houses or land here, or they have money lent on toortgege, or they traffic in building land or they say, let things alone, they will last of time; if the Gover ment at home choose to spend money here, what have we to do with it?"
I am injured and misrepresented for entertaining a different feeling; and every effort has been mad
by departing from the Treasury instructions, and by various annoyances, to derange and delay my ac counts; and by petty devices and subterfuges to create an unfavourable impression against me at home. However, by hiring clerka myself, and re- fusing at last to pay any more money without pro- per vouchers, I succeeded in compelling some at.
tention to forma,
My oder to submit the subject to Commissary. General Coffin and Deputy Commissary General Miller, was rejected. Both these gentlemen sai they did not see how accounts could be rendered quarterly accounts were, considering their nature, from the manner in which money was drawn. My completed as early as those of any other depart. ment in China. Mr Miller who has examined them, thinks they are done in a masterly manner," al though for a long time I had but one working clerk
Such, then, is the opium farm, which it seems hooks, and to show them 10 produce all my
mere copyist and an Anglo-Indian; and at pres sent my three clerks - head, second, and third-are all ill and absent, yet I am
made up and balanced, daily, at 3 o'clock. I have announced this to the Governor, the Colonial Secretary, and to the Au- ditor, to prevent continued misrepresentations.
With regard to the protection of Hongkong, should hostilities ensue with Ching, a local
600 Malays and the Minden "
In reference to the above case, wo have heard Governor Davis means to continue. Its effect has that the men who made their escape over the hills, been, without diminishing the consumption of bave threatened the villagers, who gave their assis opium in China by a single chest, to damage the tance to Mr Caldwel, that in five days time, if their general trade, by destroying the only markot in boat is not restored to them, and their comraden who China not under Chinese influence. It--along with were taken prisoners released, they will burn their the licensing system yet to be noticed -- has tended
to complete the ruin of Hockong which the Rat village to the ground-the gun-boat has in conse quence been or lered to oruize in the neighbourhood,gistration Act began, obliging proprietors to allow Mr Caldwell started in the gun-boat on another their shops to remain empty, or let them at depre. excursion on Monday evening last--he fell in with
ciated rents, while there is no reduction in the ex- orbitant ground reat. And it affords a pretext for the boat he was in search of, in the Cap-sing-moon pasnge, and hailing her in the Chinese language one Chinuman to oppress and plunder another, The income or rent for the sake of which all these to come to, and telling them that they were all fo reigners on board his boat, and that they need have evils have been incurred, amounts to the sum of no fear that they were pirstos, they paid no regard £2384 15s. 24, whatever the consequence was, an attack was
Another "tarm," which gives of course to the made, which was stautly, but vainly resisted the purchaser the same "right of search" for instau
ce, for fishing lines on board boats in the buy supposed pirates had two gen severely wounded, one it is considered mortally Twenty six prisoners has also been disposed of, and forms the following were taken, the rest of the crew escaping by jump-item in the Revenue Accounts of the island, pu ing overboard-to shew the inefficiency of the gun-blished in January last- beat, we may mention, that during the fight, on an order being given to fire one of her guns, a sudden gust of wind catching her saile, she was thrown so much on one side, giving the gun such an elevation, that at the distance only of a few yards, the hall of the boat aimed at was altogether missed-we have not heard the result if the examine tion of the prisoners in this case.
AFFAIRS OF EGNGKONG.
THE OPIUM FARM.
(From a Correspondent)
www.
The desire of gain often reconciles men to the roost humiliating conditions for carrying on a pro. fiable trade. Ofold-statesmen were in the prao tice of driving the Jewish population to the most filthy and unhealthy part of the town, end in other respects treating them as aliens and outcasts; and the Jews found it worth while to pocket these af fronts: the substantial advantages which they en- of the arms of the Merchants, whose proceedings in July joyed by trading with Gentiles generally reconciled
The Childers, Brig of War is at Whampoa, but for all the good she could do in case of fire or "commotion might as well be at Postraomh.
*The mob are only deterred from mischief by the fear last, avecertainly had the salutary effect ofcowing the vagabonis,"
4
The Brish Merchants have established a Cham ber of Commerce from which it is anticipated that uch good will result, as it will be a fit channel for the transmission of documents emanating from the community, either to the local government of Hong kong, or to the home Government. The present mail will convey petitions to both houses of parlia ment setting forth the grievances of the British resi dents, and praying for redress. We have repeatedly arged upon our countrymen in this quarter, the ceanity of Brailing themselves of the privilege of petitioning the Imperial Legislature, as from expe- rience, we are convinced that there is no giher way of obtaining redress.
Our correspondent, with great justice, complains of the connned neglect to grant them the protection of a vessel of war. It is true, that H. M. Brig Childers ched at Whampoa (twelve miles from Canton) but she might just as well be in Hongkong bay the Chinese are always sudden, and mat at all times the inhabitants of the repared to defend themselves. That of war would deter the mob appears to be the general who is acquainted with xcepted) and that Sir John of Her Ma
It is absurd to protection to Excellency a rail
I will be ex
intronies that the
the
them to the hardships of their lot. On the same principle it might have been hoped that Chinese traders might have submitted to the gratuitous de gradation of being gibetted on the Registration Ticket, if they could have bettered their condition thereby. But the Governor of Hongkong by his faral measures has deprived the Chinese of every remaining inducement to settle on the island. The most grievous and impolitic of these measures is what is called the "Opium Farm; a monopoly which secures to one man the right of selling opium onthe island in less quantities than one cheat. In discussing this subject it is unnecessary for us to enter on the question whether or not the opium trade with China is justifiable in self. If it in uu in iquitous" trade let, not the British Government be directly implicated in it, by putting up to auction and letting the exclusive right to sell it. But as long as the trade is tolerated, and the drug regard ed as a staple article of consumption, to interfere with it is to interfere with the general trade, which must always go on side by side with it. Accordin gly, it is not the great opium houses who object most decidedly to the Farm, as they have the means of carrying on the trade where it is the mer cantile community at large whe complain that the removal of one leading article of exchange has dis verted the whole stream of trade from the new channel it had formed for itself.
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£U 17s. 40.
corps
the harbour with one tier of hears 4, moored in gups and a com. plement of 200 marines and marine artillerymen, would be more than adequate to resist any military or naval force which the whole Government of Chi na could send against Hongkong. And as regards protection against any foreign power with whom England night hereafter possibly be at war, this barren rock by the above-mentioned force would have far more protection than Singapore, and other of our valuable possessions which hava ten times the amount of property ashore and afloat to pro- tect, that Hongkong is ever likely to possess. There can therefore be no national rdvantage in expend- ing life and treasure by the maintenance of an Eu- Rent for Fishery,
ropean garrison at Hongkong; and the island being "Seventeen shillings and a groat," says the as ill adapted for a commercial emporium or poli Friend of China, in noticing these accounts,) textiel position, as it is a military garrison, there are torted from the pauper population for permission no justifiable grounds for the present unnecessarily to fish off the rocks of Hongkong " But it is not large Governmental establishments; a lieutenant so; the sum in question must be a small per cents and colonel commandant, a colonial secretary, a re ge indeed on the sum extorted by the farmer. An corder, police magistrate, harbour-master, chaplain, inquiry would probably show, that he supports and their subordinates, would fulfil every requisite both himself and a preventive service by it duty. Thus the civil charges would be reduced to »Constitutional, September 20.
a scale commensurate with the revenue,:
and by vesting a municipal authority in the respectable Ed- ropean residents, they would assess themselves, pro- vide the funds for police, sewars, roads, &c., ad- minister them more efficiently than Government could do, and avoid irritating pelty legislation and interference.
The
civil expenditure of Hongkong, therefore, £12,000 or £15,000 per annum; the military from may be advantageously reduced from £60,000 to £150,000 or £200,000 to £20,000 or £25,000 per annum, and the several million dollars now pro posed so unnecessarily to be expended on civil and military works may be saved from utter waste. The Consular stations and staff in China, require revision in several ways, but especially in the ex- penditure; even if we keep open the ports of Ning rintendent of Trade department charges may, with po, Foochoo, and Amoy, the Consulate and Supe advantage to the public service, be reduced from about £30,000 or £35,000 a-year, to £15,000 per
From Reports, Minutes and Despatches on the Bristish Position and Prospects in China.
In examining, therefore, our present position and future prospects in China in a financial aspect, the above facts must be taken into consideration, when foally sanctioning a scale of civil, military, and naval expenditure on this coast, and will, it is to be hoped, he deemed worthy the mature deliberation of Her Majesty's Government. I respectfully repeat my formerly expressed opinion, that all Hongkong requires for its efficient military protection and due civil administration is,--a local corps of 500 Malays, 200 marines afloat in the Minden 74 (of these, 50 to be marine artillerymen); a Commandant and Governor, at 20007. per annum, with his military rank and pay; a Recorder, at 12001.; Colonial Ba- cretary and Receiver General of Crown Revennes, 10906. Assistant ditto and Collector of Crown Re venues, 6002; a Land Officer and Surveyor, 6001; Assistant ditto, 300,; & Crown Solicitor and Offi clating Counsel for the Crown (enjoying the bene fits of Registrar of the Court,) 6807; a Police Ma-consul, but at the other three ports a vies-consul It would be necessary to retain at Shangai a gistrate and Superintendent of Police, 600%.; Assis at each would be sufficient, and the Superintenden- tant ditto, 300-thus showing a charge for salaries of about 9000 per annum.
cy of Trade department ought to be abolished, as To this must be added about 3000l. per annum for clerks, servants, and
its duties would be more efficiently done by a con ordinary contingencies, making a total yearly ex-general at Canton, with a supervising control. penditure of 12,000, which, in my opinion is the drawn on the Lords of the Treasury. All corres The consular salaries would be defrayed by bills utmost amount of revenue will be possible to collect for several years in Hongkong, without utterly Office and consul general. At Ningpo, for instance, pondence would be direct between the Foreign crushing this poor and struggling settlement...
where, no English vessel has traded for twelve months, and there is not one European merchant we have had during the last year, a consul, a vice consul, an interpreter (although the consul is a su consular assistant, &c, Al Foochoo, were there is perior Chinese scholar), a surgeon, first and second
trade,
we have a consul, (a vice-consul is na. med to proceed there.) and interpreter, no surgeon (the Consul being a surgeon), and two cousulat assistants &c.
The Government servants, in addition to their salaries, ought to be allowed house quarters in the extensive structions now erecting by the Ordnance for officers' quarters, hospitals, baarrcks, do the Governor to have the General's house that is being at present constructed.
Thus the civil expenditure of Hongkong may no
be reduced from 50.0007, a year to about 12,000, with In this country, all clapes of statesmen acknow. perfectly sufficient civil administration, and the ledge the injustice and impolicy of raising money military from 130,000 or 160,000 a year to 30, by means of farm and monopolies. The svarm 0001, without the slightest disadvantage to the pu-
At Amoy we have a consul" vice-consul, a is identified in the English mind with the misfordu,blic service. In the Consulates and Superintendent vice-congul would fulfil the duties, if there were lef surgeon consular assistants, &c. One afficient nes of the days of King Charles I. At that period of Trade department a considerable saving may be monopolies were univerall, and constaded one of made by resaling only a Vice-Consaland Inter-following scale of consular establishment would be times the amount of the present trade at Amoy. The precipitated the Chreat Re- pre (to act Assistant,) At each of the potts of
amply sufficient for our present trade and position boo, and Ningbo by bolishing the Superintendent of Trade department and appointing the Consut at Canton Conas General with an this be effected obauistes and Superintendent or Diplomatic ment of about 15,000 a year.
the chief
bellion
that the
Tald ba a hundred fold
Prapas
ble, or to exhibit at a shows
luster, that as much sap as vered to the banch he is DLA-
In the way he certainly does rear a mote
No XII-70 E Trevelyan, Esq., Secretary to
the Lords ComMLAPLE
Majesty Treasury,
to China
"CANTON
Consul General
£2000
Vice Consul.
900
Interpreter
Two Assistants at £400 and 300 ea. **Contingencies, ordinary and extra-
ordinary...
600
700.
900
£5000