NOTICE.
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LATEST DATES.
England Ponted States
Sept. 24 Mydney
Sept.
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Aug. 31 Bataria)
Calcutta
Och
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31
5
THE FRIEND OF CHINA
AND HONGKONG GAZETTE. ·
VICTORIA WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1846.
NOTICA-The hours of Diene Service in the Colo MUA CHAPEL Men, on Besdays at peat 10 A.M. and 4 P.M. and on Thursdays 13 8 P,M.
Victoria, 5th Nov, 1846.
VINCENT STANTON,
Colonial Chaplain.
NOTICE-Us Caret will be open for Public Wor whip at 11 Delook A. M., and a half pant & Calock P. M. daring the weaker montha, beginning with the 1st Novom.
Macoría, 19th October 1845.
The Committee who conducted the public sub- seription for **The Times Testimonial, gave a dinner to Mr Walter and other proprietors, at the London Tarem, on: Wednesday; the Lord Mayor in the chair. It will be remembered that the Tes timonial originated in the gratitude of the mercan the world for the exertions of that journal in 1841, in bringing to light a remarkable fraudulent con spiracy organized and carried out on the Continent. Among the routine toasts one was given in an un- usual form. The Chairman paid a compliment to Sir Alan McNab, as a gentleman who peculiarly re- presentedia bis own person all the intereate indi- cated in the toast, The Army and Navy, Ships, Colonies, and Commerce." Sir Alan, in returning thanks, spoke of the various arocations in which he had been engaged. He had entered life as a mid- shipman in the Royal Navy, and afterwards he had had the honour of serving in five regiments of the line; subsequently he had been chosen Speaker of the House of Assembly of the United Province of Canada. In proposing the health of the proprietors of the Times, the Chairman begged to couple with the toast the name of Mr Walter. He knew that for some time past Mr Walter had taken latlo share in the management of the paper; but he was one of its original proprietors, and bad at all times taken a great interes in its conduct.
Mr Waher acknowledged the compliment at some length; modestly allowing merit to other journals. and astutely hunting at the superior viride of the Leading Jouamal under the form of a disclaimer. He alluded to the temptations which assail the vir 148 of the pres
"You have not undertaken the invidious task of deciding between the political merits, the indepen denre, the ability, the eloquence of the daily papers. On those points the public are the judges. Wyb them your memoriala and this day's festivities have nothing to do. One single not has called forth these flattering, these overpowering testimonies--one sin- gle act, not above the honourable desires of other journals, but possibly beyond their means of execu When a are doing what they can to serve The public. the Times was fortunately enabled to do what it did by the manifold resources at its disposal -its numerous and trustworthy Continental agents,
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.
But has the measure
bonkers, merchants, and public companies; and 129 | luy rose to 74,914 490", individuals and anonymous. The subscriptions from sibilared the manufacture of British icon? I foreign hankers, merchants, and public companies 1834 the highest estimate of the annual produce of were from Alexandria, Antwerp, Cadiz, Calcutta, British iron was 300,000 tour. In 1840 the lowest Culogne, Dantzia, Florence, Geneva, Hamburgh, estimate was 1,800,000 tons, and in the present Laguayo in South America Mage Mila. Ma / Year it will cat be less than 1,200,000 tuus, ac- aina, Naples, Newfoundland, Catond, Paris, Venice," "cording to the opinions of these best versed in the Vevay, and Weisbaden-the literally embracing trade. The comparison may therefore be thus the commercial representatives of different languages stated:— and blood from Antwerp to Cadiz. The subacri bere amounted in all so 555, and although the amounts were restricted, 2,7001 was collected.. The sum of 1,800 had been appropriated in the purchase of elock for the support of two scholarships, and. commemorative tables had been erected at the Royal Exchange and at the Times printing office. -Spec tator, September 3.
THE REAL EFFECTS OF FOREIGN COMPETION. OUR SPOAR COLONIES,
It is gratifying to see so many unquestionable ovidences of the efforts which are being used in our Suger-producing colonies to meet the new competition to which the policy of the country has exposed the British planter. These we look apon as the first fruits of that competition to which trade necessarily leads: and which has already in so many branches of industry, not only rendered this country comparatively indepondent with res pect to its own supplies, but which has led to an extensive export trade in commodities, for the production of which we were supposed to have, few, if any, natural advantages. It has beci cur ips to mark the effects of free trade in the history of those articles of home production, to which it has been most freely applied In all cases, tho
effect has not been so much to increase the quai tities imported from foreign countries, as it has been to extend the production at home.
There never was a branch of industry in respect
Bet on foreign in- portation. Iron imported.
1824 181576
Tons. **14;478 -74,914
Increase **** - 60,436
Effect on home produc-
tion.
Estimated yield of Brit- ish mines.
Tons.
1824 *** ***** 300,000 1846. ........................1,800,000
Increase -- 1,500,000 With respect to sheep's wool, the entire absencë of agricultural atatistics rendera it difficult to in stitute any accurate comparison of the quantity of sold produced at have prior to the reduction of the duty in 1824, and at the present time. But when we consider that the population has increa- duplonst sight millions during that time, and that the supply of mutton is as great in proportion to the population now as it was then, if we may Judge from the price; when, moreover, we con sider the great change which has been introduced into agriculture, by the system of green-cropping, there is every reason to believe that the produc. tion of British wool has immensely increased dur. ing the last twenty years.
We therefore hold it as a general and well Trade and the open competition to which it learts, established rule, that the introduction of Free has a much greater tendency to increase the quan- tity of such commodities as it affects which is produced at home than that which is imported. The rule, as far as experience yet goes, is also strikingly confirmed by the result of the changes
the cheapest producers of sugar in the world, and which, we are satisfied, will do more to put an end to slavery than if the whole British fleet wer stanoned on the coast of Amen. In the Maurice and in the East Indies, evidence of improvement are equally striking; and free trade, usled af putting an end to sugar cultivation in our Colo as has also been predicted by an honouralie niem ber in his place in Parliament, will, as has been the case with iron, lend to au cuormously incrensend production; and abe tnortgagens, who have liu kei upon the late roeasures of the government as dad to their interests, will find in the result the mi prefect und entire restoration of their security Economist, September 19.
THE CONDITION OF THE SÕLDIEM, (From the Times.')
We are enabled to inform our readers thad m dinle measures are now contemplated by government for improving the condition of the soldier dis not without some satisfaction at the recollectum l our own efforts in the cause, as well as with site gratification at the practical earnestness of her M jesty's ministers, that we record this projecud o form, Fer soms weeks past a strict examinka has been taking place of the candidates far the t fercat masterships in the normal and modet och od, and it is calculated that by April next, at the Land, this new machinery may be in fall operating in the asylom at Chelsen, which is to be extensively t ed for the purpose, The arrangements at presitil in progress include the immediate departure of se be employed in investigating the systems of ea Chaplain General for the Continent, where he will tion, as commnodation, and discipline adapted body armies of Belgium, Holland, Prissin, and France; and the results of his mission will be embodied in a report to the Secretary at War, which will probably introduce some natured plan to the considerat Parliament, The soldier's cause, we are sure, could
to which it appeared, at first sight, that England in the tariff effoted in 1842, ond again in the pr not be in better hands than in those of th geth-
sent Ferr.
It has been chiefly the confidence produced by the facts to which we have now referred that has
induced us to look forward 10 the effects of Free
Serve dif
man to whom it is thus far committed ficulty will doubtless be experienced in the prosecu tion of a scheme which must involve so great, though so desirable, an alteration in the habits and manners of 100,000 men; but no more judicious expedient could possibly be resorted to than a con parative survey of the institutione of those nations who have the credit of having preceded is in this parlignlar path of civilisation. That the English soldiers at least as capable as the troops of other
deny and we expect, with compl. te confidence, that countries of being raised to his just place in the so- cial scale, no reflecting person will for a moment our national talent for perfecting he originations of othere will be applied with the usual snccess to
laboured under greater disadvantages, compared with the rival manufactures of other countries, than the silk trade. The raw material was produ ced abundantly in the neighbourhood of Lyons, Genoa, and in India, the great seats of the silk trade; where, from the experienced training of centuries, the people had become highly skilled in this particular branch of trade, and where, more. infinitely lower than in this country. To these over, from a combination of causes, wages were
reasons in favour of the foreigo producer, were to be added the fact that, in Italy, an expart duty was imposed on the raw material from which the manufactured goods were entirely exempted while in France, at the period referred to the export of raw silk was entirely prohibited. Much therefore, could be said in favour of protecting the tome trade, if protoction were really beneficial to the manufacturer. Amidst the protestations of all who were engaged in this branch of business, that 88ty of exerting ingenuity and industry in a way the relief of tho suldier mast,, as far as practicable,
foreign competition would be fatal to their miferest, the monopoly which had existed since the first introduction of the art into this country, was abo lished in 1825. We have on referred to the respit of this experiment of free trade. We would now shortly allude to it in a lightin which we have never done before. We would cite this as an evidence how much more foreign competition tends to increase our own native productions at home, than it leads to an importation of them from abroad. In the year 1826, before French silks were introduced, the quantity of raw silk, of all descriptions, which". was imported and taken for consumption was
Trade upon the interests of the land at home, and those of the planters in the colonies, with s en- Lisfactory assurance that both will be ultimately benefited by the change, and not injured. The impulse which competition has already given to the improvement of cultivation at home may be traced, in one way or other, in almost every news- columns abound with recommendations of impro paper that is now published. The advertising
the pages of red implements and new manures;- news contain accounts of agricultural meetings, lectures, and shows, which at least do much to stimulate the observation of farmers. The colonial press begins to teem with similar evidence that the planters are awakened to a sense of the neces
not hitherto done. And we sincerely believe that the result, at the end of ten years, will be, with respect both to the produce of our lands at home and of those in our colonies, coudspted by British skill and energy, and aided by British capital and the security of British law, that to whatever extent the importation of foreign produce iny porense, our own productions will increase in a much greater proportion.
evidences of repid hdysucemant and the spirit of Nowhere have we been more struck with the Improvement, then in perusing the files of papers
5.
this
most importont work that we shall speedily improve what we borrow, and return the advance to our neighbours with very liberal interest upon the loan. The several measurs now projected for
go hand in hand. His education, his moral disci line, and his domestic accommodation, all bear very closely upon each other. An improvement in the first two points, if unaccompained with a reform in the latter particul, would leave him in a worse state than before, by sharpening his perceptions of
png, and removing that brutal caliousness which now in some degree protects even while it degrades
The worst abomination of all is now virtually de- improvements, and produce a more immediate effect. him. Abolitions are generally more feasible than
molished, and a little education will now teach the utter extinction of a punishment which nothing but soldier to see that with himself rests the speedy and
its regular correspondence, and the other facilities/2,565,225 lbs; while the annual average of the tendence and encouragement of their late highly the sterbest compulsion can now induce, which can
of an establishment which has grown up into un- procedented magnitude. But I need scairely say -for nowhere are the ways to greatness better known than in this city-that this journal could not have achiered the service you this day reward, un- less it had been long and successfully engaged in similar laboura. Its power is the fruit and the proof of its honest exertions. The press is exposed to anexampled temperations, Politicians and specu- lators are only kno happy to secure its assistance, or its silence, by a share in their public or their private apolls. In fact, the bribery at the disposal of a
specu. Jalota in one species of enterprise, and of statesmen and politicians in the promotion of their views and the attainment of their objects, is enough to corrupt all the newspapers in the kingdom. If this great and increasing power of the press is to be cherished in a right direction, I do not know where it can look for support except to the commercial and other great interests of the country. By none are strict integri- ty, truth, openness, and straightforwardness, more prized. You know that the complicated and deli. cate structure of the mercantile system depends oo the maintenance of these qualities. They are your school and your code You quickly detect their ab. sence; and, as all may see by the example of this day's proceedings, you immediately perceive their presence, and no less promptly reward it. With all my partiality for the press, you will see that I am nos blind to its faulia It is a really free press I am advocating It is in your power to preserve the press free. To the immeasurable valde of that influence I will quote the testimony of one of the most celebrated men of his day I mean Mr Sheri- dan. With all his faults, I question whether we shall see in our time a man of equal talents or more consistent politics. These were his words Give me but the liberty of the press, and I will give to the Minister a venal House of Peers I will give him A corrupt and servile House of Cottimons will give him the whole host of binisterial Till give him all the power that pla aron him to our
seven preceding years had been 2,989,012 lbs The quantities of continental silk goods imported increased very slowly, and 1832 amounted only to 154,434 lbs. This trade has no doubt gradually increased since that time, and especially since the reduction of dugies of late years. The quantity imported was larger in 1845 than in any former year, being 333.576 lbs. To measure the incraA AB of our import trade of silk manufactures, since 1626,it would be necessary to know the comparative quantities which ware introduced by the smug glor at the two periods in question. But, even ad- mitting that no core goods were smuggled when the prohibition was entire, then under the compare ative low duties of last year, then we may consider that the result of opening the English masket to continental silks, bas been the introduction in 1845 of 333,976 lbs of manufactured silk gonds,
The increase which has taken place during the same period of British silk manufactures, may be measured by the quantity of raw material used. This quantity was, in 1826, 2,665,225 lbs, and, in 1845, independent of waste and he was 4,858,512 tbs being an increase of 2,193, 287 lbs of silk, on which British industry is now employed While, therefore, the opening of the silk trade har led to a large business between this country and the continent, the improvements which have taken place in our own manufactures, promoted in a great measure by foreign competition, have led to an ip orease of home production, to more than siz umet the extent. The comparison may be thus
Effect on Foreign Inv Efect on Home lam Manufactured Silk goods poris
Raw silk conaarsen imported
Years
1828 1845
1820
time past. Although Jannice, under the superin received from our West India colonies for some
estimable and talented Governs, Lord Elgin, bes taken the lead in every thing appertaining to agri cultural improvement, yet the example has been eagerly followed by the other islands, The news accounts of agricultural meetings and discussions, papers of every island ore, lese or more, filled with conducted with considerable ability, both with respect to the cultivation and bufacture of su. closely engaging the attention and interesting the gare, which is best evidence that the subject is readers of these journals.
every instance of which will be reckoned a mistor. no longer be inflicted in wantonness or tyranny, and tune by the officers, and be registered to the dis credit of the corps.
With such
bility, Le may he led to the cheerful task of his own an emancipation from his heavies lia-
improvement. The regulation listlessness of a bur teen, will be necessarily varied by the coplemplated rack square, and the stupefying solace of the can- system of education, which would, be invaluable The Jamaica Royal Agricultural Society's Re- even if it provided nothing more thau an innocent porter (heing supplements to the Jamaica Times) and fruitless occupation. of the 25th of June, contains a striking existence teaching results are considered, it is difficult to over- When, however, its far-
of the spirit with, which the plasters of that island estituato its influence on the array. The sublier Churchill bas been delivering a course of lectures brauches of education which the state now reeng ara meeting the new state of things. A Me may not only be instructed in those elemen.ary on agricultural chemistry, in the Mion Institution, hises as the birthright of all, but his tastes and npti. in that island. The council of the Royal Agricultudes may be cultivated with the greatest advantage tural Society have been so much impressed with the benefits 10 be derived from this science, that upon the superiority which such an omnigenous to his present and future services. Without pausing
annual entary, as their chemical oficer. But, in they have determined to retain Mr Churchill, at an skill in handicra nust confer upon an army through order to afford that gentlemint every opportunity of would be thus raised against the rival allurements a laborious campaign, or upon the attractions which perfecting his knowledge in the solence, the cour eit at theeting held at Spanish Town on the 19th supply the soldier with the means of better secring of the gin shipp, it is clear that such practice must of June, resolved that Mr Churchill should proceed himself and society under the circustances of a t- to Scotland, to ply under Penfassor Johuston, cent retirement or a premature discharge. for six months, and afterwards to prolong his stay should then no longer witness the anomaly of our with that talented Professor, or to visit Professor of the most useful members of the state being trans-
at Gie or Dr Shier at Demerara, s
formed into one of the most useless by a simple loss be afterwards deterniined due society pay
of employment; or of a man's being drilled exclusi Me Churchill a liberal salary, and all ovaly for duties which are essentially only incidental
*
last two months, the Royal from
We
and temporary, and which will daily appear more so as civilisation udrances The condition of a sol- dier whose broken health has curtailed his services before his services, hare ensured him a pension, is one of the most miserable imaginable. He has been taught nothing but duties for which he was liabl every moment to be disabled. He has been trained as if he was never to be incapacitated for a profes Bion the very characteristic of which is exposure to such incapacitation And he is thus abandóried to chenty of contempt of the world, without deriv- lightest beneft, but rather a positive detri the state which assumed the exclusive
lous sad his character.
to see that such social ques- kotled amongst those measures government brings no distur least as important as those in- to which we now extend the And we trual that every succes large still further the class of duties and prosecuted with equal interest by and factions may lose their distinct want of disting; objecta, oran; OP- culiar professions.