778:
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE
prevent a scarcity our the one hand, and an injurions | foreign competion on the other: Nothing is more common, than to hear the friends of protection denounce the policy of England; yet if a good re- ason can be given in favor of the system, as an in- dependent object of government, that reason may be orged in defence of the English cora liws,
Scotch
Copper, sheathing
3 0
112
9 0 per
0
bol.
por picut
24
0
0
35
20 Q
0
0
9 0
S.Am. Cordage, European 8 0 COTTON, Bombay, 5 4
sh. ps.. 'f's.
Madras
<
5 9 6 4
75
2.30
**
3. 10 per picce
4 મ
4.20 0
38 0 · 19 0 3.50 per piece
++ Bengal COTTON GOODS, White Shirtings,
Grey ditto ditto, 12 60 Some improvement has taken place in the demand for White Shirt nga
Yarn, Nes. 16 to 21 20 0 « 27 50 per pient
Nos. 48 to 32 28 0 Nos. 35 to 42-32 0 Chintz Furnituro Nominal. METALS.. Tin, Banca Straits Iron, Nail
#4 Hoop L Bar Steel
in plates Lead Piz Quicksilver
2
19.0
419 59 per picul
15 50 * TO 0
最多
2.200
2.30
2.40
0.0
7.50
480
139 0
OPIUM, Patna, new, 720 0.
I
باد
00 per picul
0..0.
per box
50 per picul
0 દ
0 per chest
* 0 0
16
0 0
0
0
0
0 .0 0
$4
09720 04
appears to have been abandoned, or, at least, to like handicraftsmen," was prohibited. Intimately act was passed which permitted all the king's sub- | Canvas-Eng, and I have been maintained in a more moderate form, connected with this statute, was one passed by the [jects to carry corn out of the realm."
In the 15th of Henry VI, the free exportition | Cochinral until the middle of the sixteenth century. In the 2d. Elizabeth, entitled "an act against carrying eighth year of Elizabeth, a statute was passed over scas, sheepskins and pelts, not being staple of corn was materially restrained it being permit- entitled "an act touching cloth-workers and clothes ware.". This act prohibited, the exportation of ted only when the price was very low, viz; wheat ready wronght to be shipped over sca." This act "ony manner of sheepskin, or the skins of any at six shillings eight pence, and barley at three provided, "that henceforth for every nine clothes stng, hind, doe, goat, fawn or kid, to any part over shillings per quarter. The passage of this act pro unwronght, hereafter to be shipped or carried into the seas;" and was passed, as declared in the pre-bably suggested the statute of 3d Edward Hi any parts beyond the seas, there shall be shipped amble, for "reformation of miny griefs, lamenta | 1163, which forbade the importation of corn until and carried over, also, one piece of woollen clothbly declared this present parliament, by divers ar-it reached a certain price. Their object was to of like sort, length, breadth and goodne-s, ready tificers of this realm working leather." By a sta wrought and dressed." This low appears to bave tute of 14th Elizabeth, the act was revived for been passed for the two fold purpose, of affording seven years, and its violation was visited with con- occupation for the cloth workers, and procuring n fiscation of the vessel in which the prohibited nr demand for the manufactured article abroad, byticles were transported. In the 20th Charles II, compelling the merchants to export wrought cloths, the act was repealed.. A statute 7th James L. pro- whether it were an advantageous business or not. hibited the exportation of horns. The preamble
As will readily be seen, there was no system or But the most prominent feature, is the change says, "that the people of strange lands have come which two centuries had produced in the policy of into this land, and have bought by the hands of settled plan of legislation in the various statutes. the government The act of the 1337, prohibited their hosts and guides, the great and clef stuff of which were passed for the benefit of particular pro- At one time, the importation of foreign cloth; the act of 15 6. horns unwrought, to the final prejudice of a great fessions or branches of industry. enjoined the exportation of domestic cloths. This number of men being of the occupation of hor: wool-growers were protected: at another, the ma- change in legislation cannot be accounted for upo riers." The evil was that the horns were export, mufacturers were the favorities of legislation. Muny any other supposition, than the experience of that in- ed umoraught, to the injury of those who wereken of the nets to which we have referred, were oppos- terval had rendered the English, so skilful in this gaged in the manufacture; yet the measure, if ad- ed to the provisions of the great charter of 9h branch of business, as not only to place them aboveantageous to this class, must have operated with Benry III, c. 30.
The chatter declared that "all merchant- (if they the competition of foreigners, but to make them suc-great severity upon the producers. What was in-
were not opoaly prohibited before) shall have their cess ful competitor in the markets of other countries fended to be protection to one, was destruction to Even as early as the 50th Edward II, so great another. The polley of Elizabeth, with some safe and sure conduct to depart out of Englanil, as proficiency had been made, and the exportation of shgh variations, was revived in the 14th of Char. weft by land as by water, to buy and sell without
" old, cloths had increased so much, as in cause the pas les II. The acts of Elizabeth prohibited the es- any manner of evil costs by the old and rightful And then, if they
Benares, new, 700 sage of an act forbidding merchants to exportportation of hides, but it was now thought neces customs, except in time of war.
old, loths until they were fulled; and this change had sary to prohibit the expertation of leather. The be of a land making war against us, and be found
Malwa,new good 710 been effected without the aid of protection. The preamble declared, that notwithstanding the many in our real at the beginning of the wars, they
Turkey · 480 0 - 330 U per pient only encouragement which the government had good laws heretofore enacted, such quantities of shall be attached without hurt of body or goods,
Orie-The extraordinary riso 13 Bengal Opium is rendered, was a simple permission, that cloth leather are daily exported to foreign parts, that until it be known unto us, or our chief justice, how workers and merchants might have safe conduct the price of leather is grown to those excessive our merchants be intreated there in the land makepfirely caused by the wild speculations of the Chinese through the kingdom.
rates, that many artificers, working leather, cannot ing war against us; and if our merchants be well dealers, who have now nearly, if not the whole in their hands; but in all probability the heavy arrivals shortly In the 18th Charles II., 1666, a law was passed furnish themselves with sufficient store thereof, for intreated there, theirs shall be likewise with us.”
The doctrine of retaliation was also observed, inexpected will cause a serious decline from present nomina quotations. There seems to be no difference at present for the encouragement of woollen manufactures, the carrying on of their trades; and the poor sort which provided that all the dead should be buried of people are not able to buy those things made of levying duties upon goods brought from foreign between the old and new drug.
countries. By statute 29th Elizabeth, c 10, it was.
4 0 0 Pepper
5 80 in mcallen only, except those who died of the plague. leather, which of necessity they make use of.”
1 80
6.20 In the 30th of the same reign, the act was confirm, Very few of the advocates of the protective sys.declared, that all aliens and strangers, shall from Rice, cargo quality
3.10 ed with penalties. If any other fabric than wool-
tem, would sustain a measure of this characters henceforth, and from time to time, pay to her ma- Jen was used, the nearest relation was liable to a penalty of five pounds, and in case the deceased yet it was eminently one of protection. If the jesty, for all salted fish and salted herring to be system he sound, the former classes are entitled to brought into this realm. all such customs and im had no relation, the clergymen were made liable.
its benefits; and especially is this the case, when, positions, as are, or shall be imposed and set upon Other efforts were made, before the revolution from any cause whatever, an article of positive any of her majesty's subjects in those foreign re- of 1688, to aid particular pursuits and branches of necessity has so advanced in price as to place it gions and countries, ports and towns, from where industry, Navigation has always been considered beyond their reach. When the foreign demand the salted fish and herrings shall be shipped and one of the most important branches of British for leather had increased the price so much as to brought, for the like fishes and herrings, over and enterprise, and the legishtion of the country has deprive the poorer classes of its use, King Charles besides the ordinary customs which have been paid
to her majesty for the same." been directed to its encouragement. In the 5th thought it prudent to check a trade which was so Richard 11, 1881, it was declared, by statute, injurious to a portion of his subjects. So the Uni- that note of the king's subjects shall carry forth, ted States, apprehensive that the manufactures nor bring any merchandise, but only in ships of the will be rained by the influx of foreign goods, res- king's allegiance." This art, contined the con- triet, or entirely prohibit their importation. Both meres of the country to its own citizens, and measures are alike protective, but the benefits are contains the principles of protection to the ship-chjoyed by different classes of citizens. Charles ping intereste, which are now acted upon by most intended to aid the poorer classes, but his measure must have produced more injury than good by des. In the 16th Charles I., an act which prohibited troying the export trade in leather, and, of course the the importation of gunpowder was repealed. diminishing the wealth of the country. A small The preamble of the repealing statute was in these export demand. by withdrawing the surplus, will words: "Whereas the importation of gunpowder often render the Ilance of mure value then the. from foreign parts, hath of late times been against whole stock, if all were re ained in the cry law prohibited, and the making of it within this This feature of trade has been, observed to sowe realu ingrossed, whereby the price of gunpowder extent in the shipment of cotton goods, which have hath been excessively raised, many powder-works been made from this country to the East Indies decayed, this kingdom very much weakened and and China. Were this country to carry out the endangered, the merchants thereof much dama-rotective policy to every branch of industry, and god," &c., &c. It this language truly sets forth make it conform to the varying condition of trade, the effects of protection, they were very different the exportation of cotton goods would be prohibit. from those claimed for it at the present day. The ed, inasmuch as the poorer classes are compelled prico of the protected article was increased, rather
to pay a higher price for those articles which have than diminished; the persons engaged in the pur- become necesaries, suit, were impoverished, not enriched; and the country's weakened and endangered, rather than mule strong, secure or prosperou: This law was entirely prohibitory, and, in this respect, it dif-
commercial nations,
fered from the more recent statutes which have been passed for the aid of industry. But the sin. gular results which the preamble declares to have followed the prohibitory statule, can only be ac
*
Though the early policy of England was res- trieled some respects, there was still a spirit of freedom in her early legislation, and her growth was materially accelerated by those statutes which aided the agricultural, gave life and energy to the commercial, and were in no degree injurious to the manufacturing interest. Of this character was
In
4 18:30 # 70 42546 70
Raitans, Bacjermassan 240
Timor, & S. S. Isl. 4. 0 Sandalwood, Malabar 5.0 Saltpetre. WOOLLENS.
Spanish Stripes. Long Ells, scarlet
well assorted. Comlets, English
Dutch-
Medline Cloth
Alum Anniserd
#
Buls
Protection was carried so far as to infringe di rectly upon individual rights. The statute of 20 Ladies Edward 1, specified who might wear fors. 1840, the privilege was limited to noblemen and members of the royal family. A statute of 8th Henry V, declared that none should sell to mer chant aliens except for ready pay in gold and siver. Camphor Its tendency was to restrict trade, as the precions Cussia metals were scarce and exceedingly valuable. The object was the same with these more specific nets, China Roots which prohibited the exportation of gold and silver Galangal This was attempted in the 7th Henry VI, and Muske
A mistaken idea has | Rhubarb ig numerous prévious acts prevailed, and is not now removed, that legislation SILK. which shall fire.bly let gold and silvor in a comdry, is calcalated to benefit i's citizens. The truth is, that the free importation and exportation of the precious metals should never be restrained.. They form a financial thermometer by which the nietary condition of the country is known. there should hens check to the exportation of bil- Whenes or the ha'ance of trade is ng unst in country,
lion, as it is as a warning to men in trade that a revulsion is approaching. The statule of 8th Henry | VI, was so modified in the succeeding year, that aliens were allowed six month's credit upon the goods which they purchased. In the tim of Edward I, the law prescribed the kind | of cloths which should be worn by the differe grades citzens, and compelled, the inaunfic turers to furnish a sufficent quantity of each sort
Title: Tay saan Cantori
TEA.
1.00 10 per yard 8:30
400 per proce
40.
B bu
200
22.0
28 0
30 0
1.80
25 per yard
120 50 130
EXPORTS.—Cx Board."
Congou Caper Souchong Orange Peken,
fine stented:
Twankay
Tyson Yong Hysn Hyson Skin Gunpowder Imperial
8 | 75 to 2-0 per piruk
10 น
16 0
10 6 11 0
2:5343 70
20 per calty 489 0 per picul
2.40
30
450 01700
859
036 0:
280
0130 U
13 023 0 17021
200 33 0 17 0 23. 0 100 16 20 19.09 23.
43
0
95.0
29
D
1870 a6 U 40 01830-
37 0780. 0
counted for upon the supposition, that the art or a statute passed in the 9th Edward III., 1835. It of goods. As early as Edward If.. the officers of ExPORT OF TEAS TO GREAT BRITAIN FROM 30TH
making gunpowder was so little known, that even a control of the market failed to perfect the busi. ness; otherwise, the powder works would not have decayed, nor the country been weakened and en- dangered, though the consumers might have been exorbitantly taxed for the article.
This statute
|
Juse 1841 to 1ST MAY
Green, Black,
Earl Grey in May.
10.631998 lis 31895:256
Total 15.327.531 bs..
Green. Back,
398 380 lbs.
507.456
996/226 lbs.
COTTON REPORT. Canton, April 30th, 1845.
798 Deliveries
3.295
Stock.
14.491 32 299
3.916 7:095
1426 34.90T
Twist
Bombay Bales, Bengal Madras
lo.
do...
Total, Constant included.
provided that "all merchants, strangers, and deni cities were forbidden to sell wine or victuals. Fin 59 Ships. zens, and all other, and every of them, of what sta- the 3d of James I, an act was passed for the relief te or condition soever they be, that will buy or sell of what were termed skinners- It prohib ted any corn, wines, flesh, fish, and all other livings and mercant drassing conuy skins, or transporting thein victuals, from whenersoever they come, by foreig undressed, the busines; having been granted to the ners or denizens, at what place soever they be, East Land Company, in the 21st of Elizabeth, ".
The idea of raising a revenue, and at the same By statute 12th, Charles H., the exportation of city, borough, town, port of the sen, tur, market,
or elsewhere, within this reabin, within franchise time affording encouragement to "ind istry, is a wool, wool-felis, mostlings, shorlings, and yara
or without, may freely, without interruption, smudern discovery. The early English laws sought made of wool, was prohibited. It appears to have been the object to secure the business of manufae them to what persons it shall please them, as well to protect the labor of the people, by strict prohi turing cloth and dressing skins to the inhabitants to foreigners as denizens." This statute was con. tions of those article and workmen which would firmed 1th Edward 111. By a statute 3d Henry produce or encourage competition. But the con- of the kingdom. But the effect must have been to reduce the price of the raw material, injure the. 4, permission was given for the transport cessions of power and revenue which were wrang produces, and of course, to drive a portion of themtion of butter and cheese, with a liense, and in from the crown, the accountability which the peo to manufactures, so that in reality, neither class the 19th Fleury VI, without a lice se. In the Sth ple required though parliament, so crippled the could have been beacfited. And further, by dimi of Elizabeth, a statute was passed which declared, resources of the throne, that the present system of cht herring and sea-fish, might be exported from, levying duties on imports was introduced. Various nishing the income of producers, their ability to purchase goods was proportionately diminished, England, free of all custo us, which had not for a acts were passed for this purpose. Among them. were that of 1st James I, and 1st William and and thus followed the two-fold evil of increasing long period before, been the case. the manufacture and lessening the demand. Freeving been limited to four years, was revived 13th Mary. The former was confined to wine tobacco. dom of trade increases the ability of both parties. Elizabeth, 1570. The reason given was, that ale, berr &c.; the latter included imports and ex- to purchase and use, while restrictions, either the said act had been a very good act, and greatly ports generally. moderate or stringent, contine, paralyze and desintreased the navy and fisherinen, and causity many poor men to be set a work, and is in great In the same year, the growth of tobacco, in Eng. likelihood to increase it more and more.” land, was prohibited. The statute says, that it Statute 17th Edward 1., c. 3, 1268, declared that, obstructed the vent of English commodities to none of our justices, nor any of our other minis. America. There was no necessity for this law, ters, by color of their office, all arrest ships, but as the production of tobacco, in Eugbu, would, merchants and others may carry corn. &c., to all never have materially lessened the American trade, placçe, saving to our enemies of Seatland, paying But we have referred to the statute to show, that such ensans due and use." This is probably its policy was essentially different from that of the the oldest statute in existinee upon the subject, protective system generally. That system, in its arid shows that the early policy of England was pure and extreme form. would have proposed that directed to the exportation of com, and that the the growth of tobacco should have been coura government had no far of competition. The ex- ged in England by giving a bounty on the domes ception against their enemies of Scotland, was, dic production, or by laying a duty on the colonial according to the rules of modern as well as ancient
It will be seen that the early laws of England importation. This policy, in ether form, would warfare, by which citizens are not allowed to fur- have been fatal to the American trade. The ships wish their enemies with the meats of subsistence. upon trade, were destitute of any common feature. engaged in the carrying business, would have been By this net, no protection was given to the consu- In one reign, one course of policy was pursued, thrown out of employment; manufacturers, finding niets of bread, and a heavy export demand might and in another reign, the policy was completely that their marked was eut off, would have dischar- have increased the price to an enormous rate. But changed Bin few of the ineasures were suECEZS- ged their workmen; the colanies would have been the main features of the statute were changed lyful, and those were injurious to all those who were deprived of their customary supply of the necessa-ong of 34th Edward Ill., 1360, which probited the not directly benefited. ries of life; while the English producers of tobac. transportation of corn to any place but Calais and
Eroy,
ra would have learned, that pinsuit is the most Dascoign. These were two provinces, one in the profhable which springs naturally from the scil and climate of the county, and tastes and habits of the people.
In the 1st Elizabeth, the importation of gintlers epilers, sadlers, 'glovers, point-æäkers and such
north and the other in the south of France, subject to the king of England. But this na-ure did not Evor de interests of the producert, which mere then, as our, a class of great inflikner, and in thirty years during the reign of Ricbare 11, an
In the effort to control and encourage trade and production, by statutes, the wages of the laborer did not escape notice. The hours which artificers and laborerers should work, and the time for meals and sleep, were determined by a statute 6th Henry VIII. By an act 1st James I., it was provided. that "the justices of the peace in the several coun- ties, on the 12th of July, in each year, shall deter. mine and declare throughout the county, the price which every, artificer and laborer should receive for his work, the price being determined by the price of other articles, clothier, being a justice of the peace, shall be no rater of wages for any weaver, tucker, spinster or other artisan, that de pendeth upon the making of cloth."
CANTON PRICES CURRENT. Tru May, 1845. IMPORTS-DETY PAID. Ale (best branik] 8 10 0 Amber
10'50 Betel Nut
4 50
15 0 per hind 0 per catly 0 0 per pict
19 731-74.201
PRICES OF BULLION. Bycce Silver, large, 3 per cent, promium. Spanish Dollars, Ferdinage, par.
Carolus, 401 per cent. Republican ditto, 3 to 4 per cent dincount."
EXCHANGE.
*
Bills on Londonat 6 months sight, 44.3d.; Treasury
closed for Spanish Dollars. Navy Bills, 44. 21. to de. 3d, per Mexican dollars. Court of Directors accepted Bills, are scarce, holders asking 223 R3 per $100.
}
FREIGHTS, To London or Liverpool, £ 4. per ton of 50 ft,
tonnage scarce.
6 per ton of 40 feet. To Amoy. To ports worth of Amáy, $8 to 10
Ships Loading at Whampoa. Gwalior,
Tory,
Widgeon, Potenfite,
London,
Edited, Printed and Published by Jous Caux, At The Friend of China and Hongkong Guzelle, Priating Office, Queen's B9AD, VICTORIA, HONGKONG IK