418
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONG-KONG GAZETTE.
COLONIAL POLICY OF THE BRITISH somewhat similar in its functions to the Privy
EMPIRE,
Br R. MostööMERY MARTIN, Esq.
(Continued from No. 141.) --
In everything with which we are soquainted, improvement or perfection is arrived at by pro gressive stages, varying in duration according to
Council in England.
Tha - Gimpowder, par lb. 50 to 55; Imperial, 50 to 65
62 to 80 Young Hyson, 35 to 150 2
40 to 52 Souoliong, 26 to 30, Bouchong 23 to 80; Pekoa, 47 to 50 - Boston 14th Foo
The existence of a council to advise the co. veruor in the condnot of the nildars of Osnada, may be traced back to the first establishment of a civil government in this province, under the authority Gapt Fisk, ofshin Robin Hood, arrived at this of Great Britain. The Roval Instructions to port was informed at Valparaiso that the brig to General Murray" dated the 7th of December. O. Raymond, which called from Chusan to Ma- cao nome time since with a large amount of mo- 1763, commanded him to name a council, consist
the object to be straluod, thus also is it with selfing of four principal functionaries therein speci-ney as freight was under Chilian colors. Her
or with general government; and it is according to our power of restating temptation, or of con- trolling the passions, that we are more or less fit ted to make a good use of our free will, to render i practically efficient for the management of our politient as well as social affairs, and therefore con- ducive not only to our national wolfare, but to the happiness of mankind,
These observations pro made in reforonce to the various forms of government which under the British sceptre, the scale in fact varying from an almost democratic to an absolute away, modified by such events as it is now proposed to explain so far as is necessary to a duo understand ing of our colonial government.
AKUTION 11
Few of the present transmarine possessions of England were originally acquired by actuand not doment; they whore chiefly obtained by conquest ercession and to the inhabitants was promised the continued enjoyment of their religion nad laws; hence wo see the reason why, to a cerigiu extent, such various forms of government are in existence under the sway of the British crown,
In order to comprehend this intricate and im portant subject in its full bearing, it will be ne cessary to take a summary view of each colony as to its domestic government and we shall then be better prepared to discuss the general question of our colonial administration at home and abroad. The colonies, as to government, may be divided into three classes
1st, Those luaring a representative assembly, a fegislative council, and a governor.
2nd, Those having no representative assembly, but a legislative council and governor.
3al, Those having neither a representative us sembly, nor a legislative council, but only a go.
vornor.
The first class may be said to comprize Canada Upper, and Chacada Lower, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland, in North America →→→ Janics, Barbadoes, Antigin, Tobago, Gromada, St. Vincent, Montserrat, Novis, St. Kits, Hon. duras, the Virgin Isles, the Bahamas and Berm... das, in the Fest Indies The Aonian Isles, the Norman tales and the Isle of Man, in Europe.
The second class comprehends, Bengal, Madre, Bombay, Pepang, Malaca and Sincapore, and Cey- lon, in Asia The Cape of Good flope, the Mamitius, Sierra Leone, the Gambia and Cape Coast Castle in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Island in Australasia :-Demerara, Essequibo, Berbice, Tringlad, and St. Lucin in the West Indies and Malta and Gozo in Europe,
The third class embraces, St. Hedona, Aezew sion, Acera, and Seychelles, in Africa: --Swan River, (Western Australia) and South Australin," in Australasia :-Gibraltar and Heligoland, in Europe.
In the first class, the people through their so presentatives in the house of Assembly, regulate the lerving of taxes, and control, lo a captain ex tent, the expenditure thereof; in the second class, there is no immediate power over the council, ex cut that of public opinion in the colony; and in the thing, the governor is responsible alone to the Home Government
Canda (Lower) is an illustrativo example of the first class. Estimating the population at half a million, the number of olectors is at least 80,000, or whoni nine-tonths are proprietors of the soil, These clactors return eighty-eight representatives to form an assembly (like the British House of Commons), which elects its speaker, holds its annual sitting at Quebec, the capital of the pro- vinoe, and is renewable every four years, ander the provisions of what is ternied the Quebec Act of 1791, which has been called Mr. Pill's act, although really drawn up by Lord Chenville.
The qualifications for un elector are, in the counties—being possessed of real properly to the yearly value of Forty shillings sterling in the towns, of the yearly value of five pounds, or pay- ing rent to the amount of ten pounds sterling an nually. No religious disabilities exist as to elect- ors, but clergymen and Jews are not eligible as representatives. The elections sro by bpen woting. The
representat|res require no property qualif cation, they are paid eighteen shillings a day while the session continues, and receive four shillings a league travelling expenses to and from the capital.
|
The assembly thus described is empowered to make laws for dio peace, welfare, and good go- vernment of the province, such aws not being repugnant to the act of 31 George III The asseinbly claims, and if an adequate civil list wore grunted, the Imperial Government would be disposed to concede, à sule control over the bus cer of the colony, both as to the extent and mode of levying the taxes and the distribution of the Sabe. See Financid Chepter
fed, and of eight other persons chosen from amongst the most considerable inhabitants of the province; and directed that the body so appointed should have all the powers and priviléges fisually enjoyed by the councila in Ha Majesty's other plantation. Under the authority of this instene tion, the council seems to have exercised the two tion of deliberating on any matters of administra tion referred to it by the governer, and also of nazisting him in framing regulations for the pesce, order, and good government of the province The status of 14 Geo. 3, 83, estabished the council in a more formal manner and directed tist it should consist of his more than twenty-thren, HÚT less than seventeen persons empowered to couror with the governor da making laws for the guod government of the province. The members of this council appear to have boon cousulted also as advicars on administrativa questions, but to have kept separate records in that capacity and whilst, for the purpose of making laws, it was Docossary that a majority of the whole should be present, five were constituted by the Royal Instructions, a quorum for other business. How over distinct the functions of the council, in its legislative and executive opacity, wo bekove that, generally speaking, no separation, as to the personal composition of it had, up to this time, been oflicted in the American colonies, though, in a work first published in 1704 by Mr. Pownall, who had been governor of Massachusset's Bay (Pownall's Administration to the Colonies, ext. 5, vol. 1. o 4. §. 5) the advantages to be derived from such a separation are pointed out to Canada, the council created by the Constitutional Act 19 - 1701 was purely legislative, being designed to form one branch of a legislature resembling as nearly as circumstances would admit, the Far liament of Great Britain; and a board to advise the governor was only alluded to incidentally, under the designation of such executive council nástrali be appointed by Elis Majesty for the affairs of the province, à council of this nature was no- "cordingly appointed by the Royal Jastructions to Lord Dorchester, dated the 10th of September. 1791; and the number of its members, fixed at nine, with a salary of 1001. to much.
We find that of the mus persons unmed in Lord Dorchester's instructions to comporn his executive council, six were also members of the legislativo council and that of the whole number of executivo counsellors who have been sworn in up to the present time, amounting to forty-two, twenty wie also legislative Consellors and there bare hot been eight, or at umsi fen, who have not filled salaried offices under the government other at cho. dite of their appointment to the counci), or at some time while they continued in it The nation in Lord Dorchester's councilstood alternately English and French, and of the eight comesellors who were actually sworn in (the ninth, Mr. Lyuburner, being absent from the province) four were of French extraction, and four of English. The three next appointments were of persons of Eng. lish origin, and it appears that of thirty-one persons named as oxecutive councillors, betwo2921 ibu years 1793 and 1838, twenty five were En. glish or of English extraction, and six were Freach Canadians of there six, and was Mr. Speaker Papineat, whose appointment seems to have been founded on the office he held as spanker, and to have lastel but a short time. Since 1829 three parsons only have been appointail, and they are all French Canadians,
Additional or honorary members were into duced as early as the year 1991; but although pointed by mandamos, they had no salaries. 1 has subsequently been the custom for the guvernor provisionally to appoint honorary members, who are supposed, however, not capable of sitting in the court of appeals until they are confrmed by the king. The salary of each ordinary reinber is 100%. per anYuni,
The clerk of the connell bus & alary of 5501. and about 857. fees and the assistant clerk has 1824 10
* This executive council are required to give their opinion or advice to the governor, whenever. It la asked for. There are cono case, in which by the provisions of statutes, imperial or provincia, or by nstructions from His Majesty, it is neumont on the governor
and with the ad vice of with the Bumice and went of the ex ecutive coupul but in for the greater part of the business of government he is at liber
DOLTO advice or not as he pleases and i hu the option of ceed to opposition
son, or going Jr roasulia
Notwithstanding, however, – the cogent rutes les recurring. are two or three,
night of the counol beef well estib ishul
ence of tig buchi land it fill ret
The legislativo council, or upper house, cone-fice of commissioni orang land ists thirty-four members appointed by His the executive council had the who Majesty for life. The chiul justice. Protemant bishop, and navigal other public functionaries are er office included in the list of members. The house holds ta sitings at the on time na the house of assembly; anil its functions in relation to the latter are my those of the British House of Lords to the House of Commone,
The governor of the provinue represents His Majesty, in whose name he assombles
must call togethet ong
CASOS, DIM IS COINCIDIL
in any disputed mat
of the crown or been charged duty of audiADE old and r
3 he 101 lan, whit
;
|
roceoiled to parto
there is not
Dutch:
20 037 0 WOOLLEN-ery little enquired aft at Canton or on the coast, and no proba any extensive transactions before the pr of winter, unless at prices which would strong inducements to speculate.
EXPORTS ON BOARD
2
Alum Anseel, Camphor Cassia
Buds China Boots Galangd
81 76 40
0.0
97 0
30 0
8 190
130 2.50
0 0
20
:0
:0
Rhubarb RAW SILK
Tsarlon.
None
30
4.00 0
per
5050
Taysan. Canton
000
280 0350
The Gran
But None in the marker.
takes away 960 balus of No. 2 sort.
former master, natson, had left the brig, taking with him $50,000 an unknown. It is probable that the balance, 40,000 was divided among the crew! Boston, 44th Feb
Orion. —This drugi liss remadreil almost elation ary during the onth and well certified Halia | Musk
per chest, which in the may be quoted at R highost rungo it has yet taken for some time past. There have been considerable quantities lately sont on to CHINA by the afor, Inglis, and Anislope, and some few chests by other vessels. The stock in the place is very all for the time of year, being no more than 3497 much word expacted to arrive Lom the latonor this searbhe Bossbuy Price Current 1st May 1844. Exportation of Hosses --Wo roll particular attention to Mesara, Thacker, Mason, Co advertisment, offering to take the whole of the freight of horam shipped by the Neptune payable in India only on those which are safely delivered over the side of the vessel, the shipper finding food only. This is the most advantageous offer that has yet been made, and provender being now so very cheap, we are no doubt that the Neptune, which is a very large ship, will obtain as many horses as she can carry –– Sydney Herald.
CANTON PRICES CURRENT. 18TH JUNE, 1844. IMPORTS Dury Pap
Ale (best brands) – U25_0_a8 0 0. per lhi.
Sales of Snubiere al quotation, Amber
10 50 4110 per cally Betel Nur
5
0 0 per poul Caprass-Eng, unl
Scotch Cochinon! Copper, sheathing
Nominal Sam Cordage European COTTON, Bombay,
sh. ps. Ta.
Mudrne Bongal
0 por bolt
8 0
130 32
9
:0
·
༦
Porchl
COTTON The market in very quiet, though a considerable quantity of the now stople has ar rived. The only sales we can hear of are limited quantities of froste arrivals at from taels to 7 9 short price. COTTON GOODS, White Shirtings, 40
Groy
3.30
a 70 per picco
2:50 5 8 16
dino ditto. Common Group-The importations by into arrivals have been large, but there Is a searly demand in Canton and of the coast. The ship
mong from Hongkong to the north during the two pust nonthe ure known to have beon côn allerable, though it is imposside to procure any
correût return.
AT A BOY-Willits Shirunge, 817 Dr. 89 60 Stock small, suitable gode were jentily inken al thera rayer, here no at Shaughni American Drills are jan. fared) 83 10 was lately obtained for a largo parvel,
Cotton Twist No. 16 to NG kre the Nos, in request; murku, supplied ; Bus in the axueme into procurable a Raw Colton of risk and good sally was in fair decins 812 par peeijl, for some good duya $94
OTUSAN LY he Jaat suviens Shirtingu were in govi domnudi soek modernier Greg, 1 Wy Wake,
Audrigan Drills, #3, no enquiry for other
BBARAI Like business was doing Boish manufactures, except in Suirtingi, — A parco ng suun pieces of trej föluked #3 10; 2000 pidens of White brought, readily $3 ). The large shipments which have been lately directed, and are now being made from this in Shanghai, will no doubt affect that market, and Induce a decline in our que
Yam Nos. 18 to 30 23 – 0
95 0 pot pis Corrox Yas-Stock still largo, with 1 fanguid markol. Chintz Fürnture......... 2 (" 40 perpiece. CHINTAA few sales at low rates, Brack
Live 13 METALS Tin, Bazen Plates Iron, Nail
Bar
block unpreceden
Steel
seat Fi
17
per picul
ink
– kay bilk wos procmably at #130 1318); N mort only offering, a parral of 61 baley lately and csak 180, AU nhua, unaskrtad.
23 00
00
TEA
Congou
44 18 0
No block.
Capar Souchong
0
# 13:0
16
$120 0
Orange Pekov,plain 22.
scented.
0
0 Ο
Tway flysco
340
90
34 072 0. 2560
* 70 0
Young Hyson
Hyson Skin. Gunpowder. Imperial
15 0 * 32
40 Now Tw-A few mustor canniste fine Congou have arrived
they do not represented at Canton, we bug
particular chops rather sont s8 specimens of the first erup lest they are said to be fine but inferior to last sector x, The chests it is sold will be down in a monilur five weeks, and from the handsome profits made on the few that bad arrived previous to the des parture of the Marchi mail, we fear very exorbl tsot prices will be paid, which, from the lazgo export and probable quantity of the fine tea the coming crop, are likely to result in wiesk disappointment. Two or three hope of fine plsio Pokoe are down, but we are glad to parvero that the mania for a opening markets but been checked by the very ridiculous priera demandad. wo hear us high ne is 30. It is currently reported in Canton, that a contract has been mode for ScentedOrange Pekonint di 4 We can search credit this as this description of ten more ga
ready for shipment before Ugtabou, by which coU advlees from home inget have been received of the eff on produced on the iúarkut by an early and abundant apply of its description: a large, quantity of Scouted Capers will materially utot fere with Scented Orange Pekoes. Com
The export for the son will amouni to 31,088. Poulbe,, a quantity which far exceeds the expert of any previous you and with the large stock accum Inted in England, will probably reduce the patte of the herb is the home markt to a low gure The arreuse of also stock of toas at the end of 1813, as compared with the previous TOX *BA 4,000,000lbs. - Thin your (1844) the ship from China excoed host of 3843 by 4,000,00 bes The inoprovnd fate of wages in the manula tur- ing districts way cruig an mercased comanimpre but we are afrasel that it will not equal the ing kd&llil il's]y
EXPORT OF TEAS TO DATE. 1st July, 1843 to 31st May, 1844, Bloven months. A
Congon
Cupor,
Bouchong
Hung Muny, Fekon,
90,761,015
401,037
1,554,408
2741,897
463,227
Orange Pekoe, 1,048,328
Sorts,
Hyson,
53,820
40,63 19
1,248,359
Young Hyson, 1,405,520
Hyson Skin,
T
Wanker.
|_ truperia),
528,855
,631,050
558,219
Gunpowder,
1,281,748
8,60
Total, 49,2
Black, 360,222
Creen, 1000
Total, 40,019,50
25 per box | Countess of Durham, 00 per pical
10
Nominal, Large Block
Lup there a large snu stendy ilmand for at Shanghai, but at low rates | 36 in the exudine pries which has boon prekiired.
COTTON REPORT,
Canton, May 1st to 31st, 1841.
Dohvores
Twist bales. ______1146
OPIUM Fame, Dew, 120
Benares now, DINO,
Malwa, now 500
Glook.
0,021
porta are coll
American, bales.
0 per chnet
Волку,
1098S
71,907
Denga
Madras,
3370
8.600 17132
108 398
blow!
Point 15:526
Ship Beguin unelted.
PRICES OF BULLION,
Sycon Silver, large, per ocut pramlum
mi!, 1 to o ditto.
Spaniel Dollars, Ferdinand, par
Carolus, & por cont for selected Republican ditie, to par cent, diasount,
Могу волгов
EXCHANGEL
Bills on London at 6 mortar sight, de dd. 13. M. Pleurolentiary on the Bengal Cor
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