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THE HONG KONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, NOVEMBER 12, 1937.
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(2) The term "risk of collision" includes all risk of accident due to undue proximity of other aircraft.
25. Every aircraft which is required by the rules contained in paragraphs 22, 23 and 24 of this Schedule to give way to another aircraft to avoid collision, shall keep at a safe distance, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
26. While observing the provisions relative to risk of collision contained in paragraphs 24 and 25 of this Schedule, a mechanically- driven aircraft must always manoeuvre according to the rules contained in paragraphs 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 of this Schedule as soon as it is apparent that, if it pursued its course, it would not pass clear of another aircraft.
27. When two mechanically-driven aircraft are meeting end on or nearly end on, each shall, without prejudice to the application of the provisions of paragraph 22 of this Schedule, alter its course to the right.
28. Subject to the application of the provisions of paragraphs 22 and 35 (c) of this Schedule, when two mechanically-driven aircraft are on courses which cross, the aircraft which has the other on its own right side shall keep out of the way of the other.
29. An aircraft overtaking another aircraft shall keep out of the way of the overtaken aircraft by altering its own course to the right, and must not pass by diving.
Every aircraft coming up with another aircraft from any direction more than 110 degrees from ahead of the latter, that is to say, in such a position with reference to the aircraft which it is overtaking that at night it would be unable to see either of that aircraft's side lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking aircraft, and no sub- sequent alteration of the bearing between the two aircraft shall make the overtaking aircraft a crossing aircraft within the meaning of these rules, or relieve it of the duty of keeping clear of the over- taken aircraft until it is finally past and clear.
As by day the overtaking aircraft cannot always know with certainty whether it is forward or abaft the direction mentioned above from the other aircraft, it should, if in doubt, assume that it is an overtaking aircraft and keep out of the way.
30. Every aircraft which is obliged by the rules contained in this Schedule to keep out of the way of another aircraft shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid passing over or under the other or crossing ahead of it.
31. Where by any of the rules contained in this Schedule one of two aircraft is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep its course and speed. When, however, in consequence of thick weather or any other cause, the aircraft having the right of way finds itself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving- way aircraft alone, it shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision.
32. Every aircraft in a cloud, fog, mist or other conditions of bad visibility, shall proceed with caution, having careful regard to existing circumstances.
Every aircraft when flying beneath clouds shall always do so, so far as it is safe and practicable, at such a distance below the clouds as will enable it readily to see and be seen.
33. In order to obviate the increased risk of collision which exists on air traffic routes, the following rbs shall be observed by flying machines, gliders and airships when flying on or in the vicinity of such routes:
(a) An aircraft when flying by compass along the straight line (rhumb line) joining two points on an a'r traffic route in common use shall keep such line at least 1,000 yards on its left.
(b) An aircraft following either an officially recognised air traffic route or a route frequented by aircraft and indiested on the ground by a line of landmarks such as a road, railway, river, canel or coast line, etc., shall keep such route at least 200 yar's on its left.
(c) An aircraft shall not fly kaming on its right any of the lines or routes referred to in this paragraph evrent at a distamen therefrom sufficient to avoid aircraft following such lines or routes in accord- ance with the rules contained in this paragraph.
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