賬項附註
Notes on the Accounts
1. 主要會計政策
(a) 賬項合併標準
綜合賬項包括本公司及全部附屬公司截至每年 十二月三十一日止經審核的賬項,及集團所佔聯 營公司自購入後根據截至每年十二月三十一日止 經審核的賬項所計算之溢利或虧損。
收購附屬公司所付出的代價與該公司在收購日 的有形資產淨值比對的盈餘或商譽,均在收購 的年度內撥入綜合賬的資本儲備金內或從該儲 備金中撇銷。
由附屬公司建造的固定資產售與集團公司所 產生的公司內部未變現利潤或虧損,已撥入資 本儲備金內或從該儲備金中扣除。
集團內各公司間重大買賣、租賃及其他費用,俱 於賬項合併時對銷。
(b)聯營公司
聯營公司乃本集團擁有該公司已發行股本中百 分之二十至百分之五十股權作為長期性投資的 公司,同時本集團對該公司的行政有重大的影 響力。其業績於公司賬內只根據已收或應收股 息計算。綜合損益賬內包括本集團所佔聯營公 司是年度業績。在綜合資產負債表內的聯營公司 的權益乃按照本集團所佔聯營公司的資產剩值。
(c)投資物業
投資物業均以公平市值列入資產負債表內,因 重估而產生的盈餘已撥入投資物業重估儲備, 因重估而產生之赤字則先從過往的重估盈餘中 扣除,餘數則計入損益表內。租金收入以應收 基準計入損益表內。
倘所餘年期長於二十年則不予折舊,因估值時 已計入每項物業於估值當日的情況。
1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated accounts include the audited accounts of the company and all its subsidiaries made up to 31 December each year together with the group's share of the post acquisition profits or losses of its associate based upon audited accounts made up to 31 December each year.
Differences between the fair value of the net tangible assets of the companies acquired over the cost of investment at the date of acquisition, representing capital reserves or goodwill
arising on consolidation, are credited or charged to capital reserves in the year of acquisition.
Unrealised inter-company profits or losses arising on the sale
of fixed assets, constructed by a subsidiary, to the group, are credited or debited to capital reserves.
All other material inter-company sales, rents and other charges are eliminated on consolidation.
(b) Associate
An associate is defined as an investment where the group holds for long term purposes between 20% and 50% of the issued share capital and exercises significant influence over that company's management. Results of associated companies are accounted for by the company only to the extent of dividends received or receivable. The consolidated profit and loss account includes the group's share of the results of its associated companies for the year. In the consolidated balance sheet, investments in associated companies are stated at the group's attributable share of the net assets of the associated companies.
(c) Investment properties
Investment properties are stated in the balance sheet at their open market value. Surpluses arising on revaluations are credited to the investment property revaluation reserve; deficits arising on revaluations are firstly set off against any previous revaluation surpluses and thereafter taken to the profit and loss account. Rentals receivable are accounted for on an accrual basis.
No depreciation is provided in respect of investment properties with an unexpired lease term of over 20 years
since the valuation takes into account the state of each property at the date of valuation.
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