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expected. However, the DFDR record indicated two one- to three-second transmissions with an interval of ten seconds at 15:59 hours. It could not be established on which frequency, to whom, or why these two transmissions were made. However, between 15:58:52 and 16:00:09 there were eight other transmissions by KE 007 on VHF 3. This activity was followed, at 16:00:39, by KE 015 calling Anchorage ARTCC to relay KE 007's position report for passing NEEVA.
1.13.5.2
VHF 2 was reported to be "noisy" after the previous sector, New York to Anchorage. The set was ground tested at Anchorage and found to be serviceable. The DFDR radio transmission keying parameters showed that the VHF 2 set was used by KE 007 in its radio communications with Anchorage CD/TWR, APP and ARTCC between 12:50 hours and 14:35 hours, indicating that the VHF 2 set was functioning normally at least in this time period.
1.13.5.3
The HF transmissions with Tokyo Radio were identified as being spoken by the co-pilot. Since the pilot-in-command of KE 007 was not an instructor pilot, he was required by KAL procedures to fly the aircraft and the co-pilot was expected to carry out the radio communications.
1.13.6
1.13.6.1
1.13.6.1.1
Flight crew training programme
INS training
KAL trained its flight crews in the procedures for the use of the INS. The six hour ground course included practical training using a CDU mock-up and was followed by in-flight training in conjunction with route training on two flights of a distance exceeding 1 000 NM.
1.13.6.2
1.13.6.2.1
Interception procedures
KAL flight crews were taught the interception procedures including the visual signals to be used by intercepting and intercepted aircraft, as contained in ICAO Annex 2 and the KAL/Jeppesen Route Manual.
Flight recorders
1.14
1.14.1
General
# 1
1.14.1.1
Some DFDR and CVR information was recovered by the USSR in 1983. A copy of the CVR tape and the CVR and DFDR armoured containers were given to the Republic of Korea in late 1992. The original CVR and DFDR tapes were handed over to ICAO in Paris, France, on 8 January 1993 by representatives of the Russian Federation.
1.14.1.2 ICAO entered into an agreement with the Government of France which provided for ICAO to rely upon the technical resources of the Bureau Enquêtes-Accidents (BEA) in Paris for the read- out and processing of the flight recorders. The agreement stipulated that the French experts worked under the aegis of ICAO. Accordingly the recovery of information was made by BEA. The Centre d'Essais en Vol at Brétigny-sur-Orge assisted in the primary recovery of DFDR information.