B.
On Leong) as being influenced by.
o Recent FBI investigations into AOC elements reveal that
a significant portion of crime in select Chinese communities around the country, can be traced to criminally-influenced Tongs.
o While the economic mainstay of criminally-influenced Tongs
is illegal gambling, members are also involved in
*
extortion, bribery, murder, corruption, drug trafficking, and prostitution.
o Tong members generally set the tone for Asian organized
street gangs who provide protection, security and enforcement for gambling operations.
o Initially these gangs were unstructured and loosely-knit.
As time progressed, they became more cohesive with a clearly defined hierarchy. While they are still closely affiliated with some of the major Tongs, they no longer answer directly to them and may conduct activities not sanctioned by the Tongs.
o The primary criminally-influenced Tongs and gang
affiliations are:
- On Leong/Ghost Shadows
www
-
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Hip Sing/Flying Dragons/Wah Ching
Hop Sing/Wah Ching/Wo Hop To
Tung On/Tung On Gang
Fukien Association/Fuk Ching Gang
Hung Mun/Hung Ching
THREATS
o Since the 1800's, Tong leaders have retained a powerful
hold on business and politics in many Chinese communities. OC elements from Hong Kong, fearing the PRC rule, will continue to infiltrate these organizations as a means of providing respectability to their illegal activities.
Recent
o The historical use of organized street gangs by
criminally-influenced Tongs will continue. information indicates that Tongs are also using Vietnamese gangs for protection and enforcement.