(f) Special provisions for the treatment of juveniles, in particular that their parent or guardian should be informed of their detention and that they should not be interviewed except in the presence of an appropriate (independent) adult. There is also a requirement for an appropriate adult to be present during an interview of a mentally ill or mentally handicapped
person;
(g) If a suspect is charged with an offence, he must be given a written notice showing particulars of the offence in simple language as soon as he is charged. He is also cautioned again that he need not say anything;
(h) By the end of 1991, tape recording of interviews with suspects will become mandatory.
110. There is in addition the overall general safeguard contained in section 78 of the Act, which provides that prosecution evidence which is unfairly obtained may be ruled inadmissible by the court. Any breach of the Act or codes of practice may make the evidence so obtained inadmissible, although exclusion of evidence will not always automatically follow every breach. It is, however, a powerful reinforcement of the suspect's rights.
111. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 applies only to England and Wales. Nevertheless, similar legislation, together with appropriate codes of practice, will come into operation in Northern Ireland eary in 1990.
112. Detention under the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 is now subject to reviews similar to those carried out in respect of persons detained under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 mentioned above (para. 109 (e)). The review system took effect on 1 September 1989. This followed a recommendation of an independent reviewer, Lord Colville QC, who looked at the legislation on prevention of terrorism. These new reviews must be carried out by a police officer of at least the rank of inspector or, where the person has been detained for over 24 hours, by a superintendent. The review scheme is statutory and applies throughout the United Kingdom; it was brought into force on 1 September 1989 and applies to detentions at ports
(schedule 5 to the 1989 Act) as well as to arrests made under section 14 of the Act. The police officer reviewing the detention is required to consider the need for continued detention and, where appropriate, the need to withhold the right of the detained person to have someone informed of his arrest and to see a solicitor.
Police powers in Northern Ireland
113. The powers of the police in dealing with non-terrorist crime are similar to those in England and Wales; the Police and Criminal Evidence
(Northern Ireland) Order 1989 contains largely equivalent provisions to those in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. Police procedures will similarly be govered by statutory codes of practice: the principal differences concern the right to silence (see paras. 214-216 below) and the taking of intimate body samples.
114. The powers of the police and army in Northern Ireland in relation to terrorist-related crime are governed by the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 and the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Acts 1978 and 1987. The Emergency Provisions Acts are subject to annual renewal and