(iv)
Umpires and Observers
The exercise should be controlled, observed and assessed by non-participant umpires and observers. In general, umpires have a more detailed knowledge of the exercise plan and may intervene to prompt participants, while observers will only note the response of participants to the simulated events.
The exercise planning team will normally act as umpires during the exercise. It is desirable to have external observers from outside the emergency organisation, who have a knowledge of nuclear emergency planning in other locations. In addition, if the area of operations is extensive, it may be necessary to provide additional observers to ensure that all locations are covered. Supporting organisations (eg the police) may wish to appoint their own observers to monitor the activities of their own participants.
All umpires and observers should be briefed shortly before the start of the exercise on the scenario and the responses which are expected. During the exercise umpires and observers should wear distinguishing arm bands or name badges.
(v)
Pre-Briefing of Participants
Participants should not be pre-briefed on the details of the scenario. However, it may be necessary for the exercise planners to pre-brief participants on the limitations of the exercise, such as the need for non-interference with the activities of the public, the form in which simulated information will be provided, or restrictions on activities which could be hazardous.
(vi) Conduct of the Exercise
Umpires and observers should be stationed before the start of the exercise, which should be initiated in as realistic a way as possible through the alerting arrangements defined in the Contingency Plan. As far as possible, umpires should not intervene in the exercise except to provide simulated data on a realistic basis. In cases where the actions of participants deviate seriously from those required by the plan, it may be necessary for the umpires to intervene to retain the utility of the exercise in training and practising the participants in the correct procedures. (For example, if there has been a failure to alert a participating support organisation, the umpires should intervene to ensure that they are brought into operation). All errors and problems revealed in applying the Contingency Plan should be noted and reported by the umpires and observers even when these have been corrected during the conduct of the exercise.
All communications during the exercise should be prefixed with the name of the exercise to prevent any misunderstandings.
(vii)
Exercise De-Briefing
It is valuable to call all participants, umpires and observers together at the close of the exercise to obtain their immediate reaction and comments. It should be borne in mind that the comments of participants may be as valuable as those of umpires and observers.
Brief written comments from umpires and observers should be collected by the exercise planners as soon as practical after the end of the exercise.
(viii) Exercise Report
The exercise planning team should produce a report on the exercise and distribute it to all participating
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