:
Ionic radiation metrology mainly concentrates on the
following major areas of studies: first, to measure the amount
of the radioactive substance itself; that is, to measure the
converting amount of a certain radioactive nuclide in a unit of
time--in other words, the radioactivity; and second, to measure
the amount of mutual effect between the ionic radiation and the
substance being irradiated, that is, the energy given to the
substance by the ionic radiation when it pierces through the
substance, which is usually called the ionic radiation dose.
The measuring of the radioactivity of the nuclide
constitutes the foundation for the study of radiation dose and
neutronic metrology. The unit of radioactivity is becquerel
-1
1 Bq
1s 1, that is, one becquerel
1
for occurring one decay in a second.
(Bq).
equals to the radioactivity
As standard for the measurement of radioactivity, the
following are usually used: 4 shaft ionization chamber; Ge (Li)
Y-ray spectrometer, and the large-size NaI (T1) shaft detector.
Among them, 4 ionization chamber is the best modern method used
in the relative measuring of the Y-ray radioactivity of the
nuclide. It is recommended for. its simple operation; stability
of performance and high precision.
The most important and most often used radiation doses in
radiation dosimetry are the irradiation dose and absorption dose.
P. 2
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