E/CN.4/1503
Annex III page 4
A high
14. Much of the migration has not been controlled. proportion of the Asians who entered Britain in the decade of the 1970s - perhaps as many as a million - did not come as a result of long-term British immigration programme, but because of hopes of finding well remunerated work and increas- ingly, to join relatives already in the country. Information on opportunities and procedures to be observed or circumvented filtering through a national grape-vine enabled some Asians, learning of Britain's closed-door policy, to attempt to enter West Germany instead, via East Berlin, or enter clandestinely, in small numbers, other neighbouring countries such as Belgium, Denmark, France and the Netherlands.
North America).
15. To a degree, some of the migration from Asia to countries not actively recruiting immigrants has been on the basis of supply and demand, a notable example of this being the employ- ment in a number of west European countries of medically- trained people from the Indian sub-continent, Korea or the Philippines (West Germany has recruited 3 000 Korean
Korean nurses, while much of Britain's health service depends upon foreign professionals, as a result of the "brain drain" from Britain to For the countries of origin, such employment also constitutes a brain drain - and a "brain gain" for the receiving countries. These movements of skilled people from less developed to more developed countries have been character- ized by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) as reverse foreign aid. One UNCTAD report estimated the value of skilled migrants to Britain, Canada and the United States alone over a 10-year period at $ 46 billion. Pakistan thus loses 50-75 per cent of its medical schools' yearly output of graduates, and India 24-30 per cent of its doctors and engineers. UNCTAD has placed the total loss of
the third world to the developed countries at hundreds of thousands of professional and technical workers, with resulting gaps of serious proportions in the domestic labour markets of the developing countries.
16.
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area.
Another recent development has been the relaxation by traditional countries of immigration particularly Australia, Canada and the United States - of some of their restrictive criteria of earlier years, so that they now recruit more on the basis of skills or family ties than of geographical Thus Australia, which with a zero or negative population growth without emigration is currently seeking to achieve an average net gain of 70 000 per year, took 9.2 per cent of its immi- grants from Asia last decade compared to only 3 per cent in the previous one. The most recent revisions of US immigration legislation providing for a global ceiling of 290 000, within which is a ceiling of 20 000 persons per country, gives it a
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