E/CN.4/1503 Annex III page 3
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10. In the southern cone of Latin America, disparities in income of sufficient proportions to explain large-scale mi- gration account firstly for the continued presence in Argentina of some 600 000 Paraguayans (out of only three million), very many of whom migrated in the 1970s to join
to join fellow-countrymen who had arrived after the Civil War in Paraguay in 1947; secondly for the exodus to Argentina in the early 1970s of about 10 per cent of Uruguay's population of just under three million at a time that rising unemployment, particularly among the young, provoked socio-political upheavals; and thirdly for the annual or longer-term movements to Argentina from Bolivia and Chile on which official statistics are somewhat at variance.
11.
Venezuela's oil wealth, which has made it the richest country in Latin America with a 1979 per capita GNP of $ 3 120, has received hundreds of thousands of
thousands of workers in particular from Colombia, whose GNP is only one third of that level. The Government of Venezuela has indeed been faced with the problem of illegal entrants ("indocument ados") whom it is ready to send back, but control in such a large country proves difficult to effect.
12.
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It has been
been said that in the Americas, as in other continents, the migration current which passes from poor rich countries constitutes an irreversible phenomenon which will tend to
to increase, possibly to
possibly to the detriment of both "sending" and "receiving" countries, as long as the migration is not better supervised. Indeed, for the United States particularly, the problem of clandestine migration from the south has recently become acute. With the presence in the United States of what some analysts refer to as a "beachead" of Spanish-speaking immigrants and appreciable disparities in GNP, the pressures on the immigrant numbers (20 000 per country per year) are understandable. According to a 1980 Federal Census, Spanish-speaking persons in the United States numbered 14.6 million. The total number of undocumented aliens in the United States to be added to that figure is sometimes put as high as 12 million (though the number could be very considerably lower).
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13.
Marked income disparities between inhabitants of most of Asia and those of the so-called western world, the existence in several western countries of sizeable groups of nationals from Asian countries and the liberalization of immigration criteria are the three elements which seem to explain large displace- ments of populations from Asia. At the same time, there has been in recent years a great deal of population movement within Asia. For example, India is host to millions of migrant workers from neighbouring countries, many of whom work in the oil installations in Assam. The efforts on the part of numerous mainland Chinese to reach Hong Kong are well known.