E/CN.4/1503 page 35
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71. First among these is the rate of population growth in what
we shall call the South. This may be such that the population
can double in one generation, whereas it is levelling out or even falling in the North. To give a few examples, the
average
annual population growth in the 36 countries of the World Bank's "low income" group (countries with a per capita
GNP of $370 or under) is 2.6 per cent, that is to say three
to four times that of the 18 "industrial market economies" of
Western Europe,
Europe, North America,
North America, Australia and New Zealand and
the six "nonmarket industrial economies" of Eastern Europe.
It is 26 times that of Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany
which have or the United Kingdom, all of which
a 0.
.1 per cent
annual growth, while the German Democratic Republic has a negative growth rate of 0.1 per cent. The consequence in the South is the entry into an already crowded work force of a youthful population whose expectations are not always going to
be met.
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72.
some
Malnutrition
What the
Secondly, there is global food insecurity in the South and
In some countries, one a hunger-induced rise in death rates.
child in four dies before its fourth birthday.
opens the way for a range of diseases,
of which will be
fatal, so that life expectancy in some countries of the South is as low as 40-42, compared to 72-74 in the North. World Bank has called "vicious circles of poverty
tightest of all round the least developed countries" and Galbraith has termed the "equilibrium of poverty" translate into a prediction that by the year 2000, anything between 630 and 850 million people will still be living at below a satis- factory subsistence level.
...
drawn