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98. In the same vein, a reappraisal by developing countries of
their needs and priorities would help to determine what could
be done in terms of aid to prevent mass exodus. Elements which serve such as corruption, bureaucracy and inefficiency as disincentives to aid must be eliminated. Similarly, grants
made available for developing countries to develop their edu-
cational infrastructure, particularly at tertiary level, would
help counteract the tendency to facilitate overseas study leading in a high proportion of cases to their remaining abroad
(brain drain).
99.
These more general comments lead on to some more specific suggestions. They will
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Bi-multi Approach
100. The international pattern of aid, principally that of the
North to the South, has continued to be dominated by its bilat-
eral aspect, essentially due to constraints or incentives emanating from national interests. Reasons for emphasis on
bilateral aid can be (i) historic, for example relations of ex-colonial powers with ex-colonies; (ii) politico-strategic, i.e. if countries in the North, particularly the Great
Great Powers,
have special strategic or political interest in a country or a
group of countries due to their membership of defence pacts
or geographically strategic position; (iii) commercial, i.e. where an important trade relationship of interdependent
nature in terms of import of raw materials and export of consumer good exists; (iv) geographic, i.e. where geographical contiguity
creates special relations due to natural migration of labour
etc.;
(v) religious or cultural, i.e. affinities sanctioned by
historical background which create special bonds.