11.
12. 13.
14.
War (1941-45)," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol. 2, no. 1 (October 1973): 56-78; Chan is especially interesting on how the British, with almost no cards to play, restored their position against joint US-Kuomintang opposition. F.S.V. Donnison, The British Military Administration in the Far East, 1943-46 (London, HMSO, 1956), p. 202; see also: G.B. Endacott, A History of Hong Kong (London, Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 302; and Chan, "The Hong Kong Question during the Pacific War", p. 73.
15.
16.
Woodcock, The British in the Far East, p. 237.
17.
Lethbridge, "Hong Kong Under Japanese Occupation", pp. 117-118; Easey, "History of Hong Kong”, p. 24.
The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club has, among other things, a monopoly of lawful gambling in the Colony. Its accounts are only available to its own voting members but even they have no say in the disposal of profits. As John Rear writes: “it is difficult to think that anywhere else but in Hong Kong the Jockey Club would have been forced to account more openly for the revenue it received from its monopoly, which is virtu- ally a licence to print money". (John Rear, "One Brand of Politics", in Keith Hopkins, ed. Hong Kong: The Industrial Colony (Hong Kong, Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 79). In October 1973 the Government allowed the Jockey Club to start up off-course betting: within 6 months, the Jockey Club was taking over cinemas to turn them into betting shops - a total of 200 of which were already planned within that period. The Club was taking the same rake-off as the Government in taxes (7.5% each) no. 413 (April 25-May 1, 1974), p. 15. Off-course betting was legalized in the wake of the 1973 stock market collapse.
18.
19.
20.
21.
see TKP
Rear, "One Brand of Politics", p.55; this essay and another by Rear in the same volume, "The Law of the Constitution”, are the essential texts on the political set-up. See also J. Walker, Under the Whitewash (Hong Kong, 1971), ch.8; and Anon, "The Colonial Administration" in AREAS, Hong Kong.
22.
As of February 1973 Exco had 16 members, and Legco 27. For details of personnel as of January 1970 see Rear, "One Brand of Politics", especially pp. 126ff., and Rear "The Law of the Constitution", pp. 336-338, 348ff.
23.
Cited in Rear, "One Brand of Politics”, p. 58. Up to February 28 1969 the Secretariat for Home Affairs was known as the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.
24.
25.
Sir Man-Kam Lo, Hong Kong Hansard 1949. p. 192. cited in Rear, “One Brand of Politics", p. 71.
26.
Bai Ke Qiang, "The Police", in AREAS, Hong Kong, p. 79. This was also the period when the big upsurge in crime started really to take off.
Rear, "The Law of the Constitution”, p. 389. Yet, even the power conferred by the Police Force Ordinance give only an incomplete picutre. Other Ordinances, such as the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance and the Arms and Ammunition Ordinance, confer virtually blanket powers to stop and search. In 1973 even more drastic legislation was introduced on this front (see Far Eastern Economic Review*, May 21, 1973, p. 21). In addition, there is no right of free association and assembly in the Colony; the police can licence meetings, but under the Police Order Ordinance such powers are reserved to the police that it is never possible to be sure if a meeting is indeed legal or not: see Rear, "One Brand of Politics", pp. 106-7. Cf. Bai Ke Qiang, "The Police", pp. 83-4, and below. *Henceforth: FEER.
27.
28.
29.
40
Frank Vogl, The Times, March 8, 1974.
Marcel Berlins, "The last pearl of the Empire loses its lustre”, The Times, January 9, 1974; another bill drafted about the same time introduced preventive detention in special institutions for anything between 5 and 14 years for "habitual criminals" (FEER, May 21, 1973, p. 21).
Newsweek, April 30, 1973.
Patrice de Beer, Le Monde, 13 July, 1973.
TKP, No. 393 (November 29-December 5, 1973), p. 15; the triad gangs have been expan- ding membership in schools, and among the police force; see TKP no. 416 (May 16-22, 1974), p. 15, for report of a policeman detected joining triad gang.
TKP, Nos. 346 (December 28, 1972-January 3, 1973), p. 15; 324 (July 27-August 2, 1972), p. 15; 337 (October 26- November 1, 1972), p. 15.
Bai Ke Qiang, "The Police" in AREAS, Hong Kong, pp. 79-82; another source suggests that "for every reported offence there have been pronably several which never reached the police" (TKP, No. 324 (July 27-August 2, 1972), p.15).
The Guardian, August 8, 1973.
The pursuit of Godber was forced by popular pressure; when news of Godber's escape