lotes
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2.
The last execution was carried out in 1966. Between 1966 and 1973 all those condemned to death for murder were reprieved — and it was generally understood that the reprieve was automatic. But in 1973, as part of a Government drive against crime, the Gover- nor decided, without warning (but with strong local backing), to let the death sentence stand on one convicted murderer. The name of the unfortunate person, Tsoi Kwok- cheong, was picked out of a hat. The Governor was subsequently overruled by London and the man reprieved. See the Times, May 17, 1973. For further details on murder cases, see Hansard (Commons), 4 February 1974, cols. 240-242.
On the local problem, see Michael G. Whisson, "Some Sociological Aspects of the Illegal Use of Narcotics in Hong Kong", in I.C. Jarvie with Joseph Agassi, eds., Hong Kong: A Society in Transition (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969). There are an esti mated 300,000 addicts in Hong Kong. As Whisson emphasizes, the situation can not be written off as irreparable, or not the specific responsibility of the British, since the Portuguese authorities in Macau reduced the number of addicts there to about one- fifth the Hong Kong level, proportionately, with a very similar population and social conditions (Whisson, p. 310). For Hong Kong's role in the world drug trade. see Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams II, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia (New York, Harper & Row, 1972), ch. 6. See also report of McCoy's testimony to the US Senate Foreign Operations Appropriations Sub-committee, Ta Kung Pao, English Language weekly edition*, No. 317 (June 8-14, 1972), pp. 15-16.
* henceforth abbreviated to TKP.
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Cited in G.B. Endacott, ed., An Eastern Entrepôt: A Collection of Documents illustra- ting the History of Hong Kong (London, HMSO, 1964), p. 16. Much the best source on Hong Kong's history is Walter Easey, 'History of Hong Kong to 1945', in Associa- tion for Radical East Asian Studies, Hong Kong; Britain's Last Colonial Stronghold* (London, Association for Radical East Asian Studies, 1972): the section on history here is essentially a précis of Easey's essay.
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* henceforth abbreviated to: AREAS, Hong Kong.
Cited in M. Greenburg, British Trade and the Opening of China (London, Cambridge University Press, 1951), p. 15.
For Shanghai, see George Woodcock, The British in the Far East (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969), p. 16; and especially Leonard P. Adams, "China: The Historical Setting of Asia's Profitable Plague", in McCoy, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia. Re Borneo: revenue from the opium monopoly accounted for 11% of total revenue in 1938 and it was only in that year that the Legislative Assembly passed legis- lation to phase out opium (except with a medical certificate) by 1950 (see letter from Sir Neil Malcolm, Far Eastern Survey, Vol. 15, no. 2 (January 30, 1946), p. 24. For Hong Kong: I. Epstein, "Hong Kong: Past and Present", Far Eastern Survey, Vol. 15, no. 8 (April 24, 1946), p. 113.
See Easey, "History of Hong Kong”, pp. 18-19, and references there; and Jean Ches- neaux, The Chinese Labour Movement 1919-1927 (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1968), ch. 12.
Easey, "History of Hong Kong”, p. 22.
Henry J. Lethbridge, “Hong Kong Under Japanese Occupation: Changes in Social Structure", in Jarvie and Agassi, eds. Hong Kong, pp. 89, 91ff.
9. This thesis is argued by Lethbridge, "Hong Kong Under Japanese Occupation", cit.:
p. 78 (a useful text on the Japanese occupation); it is not universally accepted: Wood- cock, for example, writes that "though it was temporarily deprived of property, the Hong Kong British community continued to exist as a unit and to maintain its hierar- chical structure even in defeat". (The British in the Far East, p.227).
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A valuable and detailed study of this, using many unpublished documents, has recen- tly appeared; see Chan Lau Kit-ching, "The Hong Kong Question during the Pacific