TOKYO.
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In 1603, when Iyeyasu became Shogun, he made Yedo, as it was then called his capital, and from that time, in spite of the earthquakes which several times nearly destroyed it and the fires which ravaged it, the city con- tinued to grow until it exceeded Kyoto, the ancient capital, in population and in splendour. The transfer of the Imperial Capital from Kyoto to Tokyo, as it was then re-named, in 1868, brought increased prosperity to the city, and from a population of a little more than 580,000 in 1878, it increased to 1,230,000 in 1888, to 1,140,000 in 1898, and to 2,170,000 in 1920 when the first national census was taken. According to the 1935 census the population was 5,875,388, but a reliable estimate made on October 1, 1939 gives the figure of 6,581,100.
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Tokyo is one of the three cities in Japan which stands in a prefecture by itself, with a Governor appointed by the Central Government. The city itself is governed by a Mayor and a Municipality, which now has control over most of the public utilities, including the water and electric supplies, and the tramways. Of recent years the feudal aspect of Tokyo has almost entirely disappeared, the streets having been widened so as to permit of modern traffic conditions. Many fine buildings have also been erected, such as the Imperial Theatre, Kabuki Theatre, the Imperial Hotel and large blocks of business houses. Tokyo Central Station situated in the heart of the business quarters, is now connected with all the main lines in Japan, thus adding to the convenience of passengers.
A section well worth a visit is the public park or garden named Uyeno, where formerly stood the magnificent temple founded and maintained by the Shoguns, and which was destroyed by fire during the War of Restoration in July, 1868. In Uyeno is also situated the fine Imperial Museum (Haku-butsu- kwan), the Tokyo Gallery of Fine Arts, the Academy of Music and a small Zoological Garden.
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Undoubtedly the finest recent addition to the capital is the Meiji Shrine dedicated to the Emperor Meiji (1868-1911), and its beautiful outer garden which includes a fine stadium for athletic meetings and football matches, a huge baseball ground, a swimming pool and an imposing Meiji Art Gallery
Among the places much resorted to by visitors is the ancient temple of Kwannon, at Asakusa, not far from Uyeno, one of the most popular and most frequented temples in Japan. At the right of the temple there is a fine old Pagoda, and near it are two colossal stone statues. A new park was also opened close to the temple about the same time as that of Uyeno. Thus, with Shiba, in the south west, where are to be seen some of the splendid shrines of the Shoguns, among the chief glories of Tokyo, there are three large public gardens within the city, in addition to the Meiji Shrine garden mentioned above.
Tokyo does no direct foreign trade, all goods from abroad or coming from abroad, being handled by lighters to and from Yokohama. Of late years Tokyo has become the centre of a large industrial district. In addition te the smaller industries that are carried on in the city itself, there are in the immediate vicinity of the capital large cotton nills. iron foundries, and machine shops which employ thousands of hands.
The districts of Honjo and Fukagawa form a distinct industrial portion of the capital. Here is the centre of the lumber and other trades. This quarter is connected with the rest of the city by tea splendid bridges all re- built since the earthquake. The biggest of them are called, commencing on the north, Senju-O Hashi, Kototoi-Bashi (new built), Azuma-Bashi, Komagata-Bashi (new built), Umaya-Bashi, Kuramae-Bashi (new built), Ryogoku-Bashi, Shino-Bashi Kiyosu-Bashi (new built), and Eitai-Bashi, respectively. From these the traveller may obtain a fine view of the animated river life of the Sumida, whose waters are always covered with junks and boats of all descriptions.
Several great first have swept Tokyo during the last two decades, and these have led to great improvements and widening of the streets. The last of these broke out on September 1st, 1923, following upon a very severe earth-
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