FEDERATED MALAY STATES
I
The Federated Malay States comprise the four states of Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and Pahang. In 1895 a treaty was signed by the Rulers of the four States by which they agreed to constitute their countries into a Federation to be administered under the advice of the British Government. Each State is administered under the advice of a Resident, subject to the instructions of the High Commissioner who is also Governor of the Straits Settlements. The Federal Government is under the immediate control of the Federal Secretary subject to the instructions of the High Commissioner. In 1909 a Federal Council was created for the joint arrangement of all matters of common interest to the Federation or affecting more than one State and for the proper enactment of all laws intended to have force throughout the Federation or in more than one State.
one State. The Federal offices are at Kuala Lumpur, Selangor.
The States have over 1,068 miles of railway in the Malay Peninsula (paid) for out of current revenue), they have 4,558 miles of roads, of which 2,939 are metalled and gravelled. Of the metalled roads 2,183 miles or 74.28% are bituminously treated. The wire mileage of telegraphs and telephones is 59,893 (of which 27,172 miles of wire is in underground cables). Waterworks wharves, hospitals, prisons, schools, and and many other public buildings have been con- structed, and important schemes carried out. The principal sources of re- venue are the alluvial tin deposits, and the plantation rubber industry, the country producing one-third of the world's supply of rubber. Tin has been worked in the Malay States for centuries and the F. M. S. have been for many years now the largest producers of tin ore in the world. The deposits worked are for the most part alluvial but the country also possesses lode deposits.
Planting enterprise in the Federated Malay States for many years had not proved very successful, but the introduction of rubber cultivation completely transformed the agricultural prospects of the country. The area under rubber at the end of 1937 was 1,623,045 acres. Over 250,720 acres of land are under coconuts, for which the soil and climate of these States are peculiarly well suited, and the cultivation of rice has been very much encouraged by the construction of vast irrigation works. The success of every form of agriculture and of all the efforts of the Government to develop the country by means of railways, irrigation, and other great public works, depends upon an adequate supply of labour. The Governments of the Colony and of the Federated Malay States, supported by the planters, have succeeded in securing an adequate supply of Indian labour, by a new system of recruiting and by offering higher wages and other advantages. An Agricultural Department to foster agricul- tural interests, to encourage the cultivation of new products, to conduct experiments and to be a general source of information for planters, is doing
useful work.
In the Federated Malay States there are approximately 65,465 children attending English and Malay Schools conducted or supported by the Govern-
ment. In addition to these schools there are a number of Chinese and Tamil vernacular schools which are either Government aided, or under private management.
In the three western States there is a law compelling the attendance of Malay children who live within reasonable distance of a school. In recent years there has been an increased demand by Malays for vernacular and English
education.
The total area of the Federation is 27,540 square miles, with a population at the end of 1937 of 2,052,729. The principal towns are Kuala Lumpur (Sel.), pop. 127,124; Ipoh (Pk.), 60,312; Taiping (Pk.), 35,697; Seremban (N. S.), 24,813; and Kuala Lipis (Pahang), 4,552.
A