NETHERLANDS-INDIA
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flood-tide. In the harbour is a screw pile jetty with a length of 250 metres equipped with a hand-crane of 6 tons. When there is no room available for ships at the wharf, they remain at anchor in the river and can load and discharge on both sides by means of lighters.
Island of Celebes
Makasser. Makasser, the most important harbour in the eastern part of the Archipelago is situated on the south-west point of Celebes. It possesses a road well protected by several coral islands and two breakwaters, approximately parallel with wharves at the shore, at a distance of about 1,200 metres. The wharves consist of a quay-wall with a length of 1,340 metres where ships of 9 metres draught can moor even at low tide and a screw pile wharf, 500 metres long and 10 metres broad, with a depth alongside of 7.50 metres at low tide. A harbour for sailing boats and native vessels with an area of 20,000 square, metres and 26, little screw pile jetties has been made. The harbour is equipped with sheds; liquid fuel and coal can be obtained. At the end of the year 1932 altogether a sum of Fis. 14,000,000 had been devoted to the construction of the Makasser harbour works apart from the costs of the railway con- nections.
Island of Borneo
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Pontianak.-Pontianak, which is situated at the Kapoeas river, is the principal trading centre of the West Coast of Borneo. There is a wharf nearly 300 metres long behind which sheds are built.
Bandjermasin.-Bandjermasin is situated near the South Coast of Borneo on the Martapoera-river, a few kilometres above the junction of that river with the Barito river. The accommodation exists of a screw pile wharf with a length of 150 metres and sheds behind it.
CIVIL AVIATION
The civil airlines, which are run by the Royal Netherlands Indian Airlines Com- pany (K.N.I.L.M.). form an important and valuable supplement to the other means of transport. The following lines are now in regular exploitation.
Batavia-Semarang-Sourabaya, vice-versa (670 km. daily) Batavia-Bandoung, vice-versa (110 km. bidaily)
Batavia-Palembang-Singapore, vice-versa (1;135 km. weekly)
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Batavia-Palembang-Pakan Baru-Medan, vice-versa (1,500 km. weekly)
Moreover the Company does other aerial work, e.g., taxi-flying, joy-riding, photo- graphy, dusting, etc.
3-Engined Fokker monoplanes are in use. There are about 50 landing grounds in the archipelago available for civil aircraft.
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Since September 1931 Java is connected with Holland by the weekly air service of the K.L.M. (Royal Airlines Cy.), which covers the distance of over 14,000 k. m. in about 9 days. The line is flown with Dutch planes by Dutch pilots with a marvellous regularity. The connection is highly appreciated by all Dutch people in the Far East and the home country, who use the airline for the quick transport of mail and goods. The planes contain ample room for the comfortable transport of passengers. The traffic to and from other European countries, the U.S.A. and the countries along the route is rapidly increasing.
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