CHINA
Province
Population Province.
Manchuria
19,290,000
Kiangsu
Population
32,128,236
A3
Hopeh
27,952,932*
Chekiang
20,632,701
Shantung
38,000,000
Fukien
-
12,157,741
Szechuen
76,613,000
Kwangtung
30,000,000
Hunan
31,591,211
Hupeh
26,105,969+
Kwangsi Yunnan
12,258,580
11,020,607
Kiangsi
24,467,000
Other Provinces
55,000,000
Anhwei
21,715,396
Total
- 438,933,373
Nationality.
Firms. Persons.
American
559
8,637
Austrian
15
245
Belgian
22
546
•
* Not including Tientsin.
+Not including Hankow
The total number of foreigners in China was given in 1931 as 370,333 made up as follows:-
Nationality.
Japanese
Mexican Norwegian
Firms. Persons.
7,249
260,621
-
4.
22
229
British
7
1,021
13,344
Polish
-
1
14
Czechoslovaks
9
276
Portugese
150
2,368
Danish -
36
650
Russian
1.:04
66,479
Dutch
29
700
Spanish
24
334
Finnish
3
89
Swedish
10
242
French -
197
8,651
Swiss
41
309
German
340
3,444
Other Countries
22
2,455
Italian -
35
756
Total
10,889
370,393-
The principal dependencies of China have been Mongolia, with an area of 1,288,035 square miles, and some 2,000,000 people; and Manchuria, with an area of 363,000 square miles, and an estimated population of 13,700,000. Outer Mongolia in 1912 asserted her independence of Chinese sovereignty, and obtained the formal recognition of Russia, but under the Russo-Chinese Treaty concluded in 1915- the suzerainty of China was recognised and the autonomy of Outer Mongolia agreed to. Towards the end of 1919 Outer Mongolia petitioned to return to the authority of Peiping. The petition was granted, and the several treaties with Russia. were abrogated. Conditions in Outer Mongolia, however, have been by au means stabilised by the ostensible return of Mongolia to China's fold. The invasion of Baron Ungern von Sternberg with an anti-Bolshevik army in Feb- ruary, 1921, caused the intervention of Soviet Russia, whose troops, having dislodged Ungern's men, entered into possession of Urga, the capital of Mon- golia, and the Territory stretching up to the Russian frontier. Inner Mon- golia has been formed into three special administrative districts, viz., Jehol, Chahar and Suiyuan. Manchuria or Manchukuo as she is now sometimes called has in recent years been steadily and rapidly colonised by Japanese, who greatly outnumber the Manchus in their own land. In 1932, she asserted her independence, under Japanese protection, but so far she has not been re- cognised by any other Nations with the exception of San Salvador. Tibet- which is also practically a dependency of. China and whose actual status is still an outstanding question between Great Britain and China has an area of 643,734 square miles and a population of over 6,000,000. Down to 1910 it was ruled by the late Dalai Lama, but subject to the Government of Pei- ping, which maintains a Resident at Lhassa. In consequence, however, of the Dalai Lama's refusal to comply with the demands of Peiping, a Chinese military expedition was dispatched to Lhassa, and he fled to India, where he remained for over a year. Meanwhile, the great revolution broke out in China. The Tibetans seized the opportunity to proclaim their independence, and again a military expedition was sent to Tibet, but more conciliatory methods had to be adopted. The Chinese troops were withdrawn and the Dalai Lama re-