Toe TK JOHORE
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This State occupies the southern portion of the Malay Peninsula, and has an area. of about 7,678 square miles. The State is ruled by a Sultan, who is juristically independent, but politically under the protection of the British Government. The present Sultan, Ibrahim, was born in 1873, and succeeded his father, the late Sultan Abubakar, in 1895, being crowned on the 2nd of November of that year. the 1st January, 1916, the dignity of an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George was conferred on His Highness the Sultan by His Majesty the King, and the investiture took place at Johore Bahru on May 11th, 1916. More recently, His Highness has been decorated with the Order of the. British Empire in further recognition of his services during the Great War, Since 1910, the Sultan has had the services of an officer of the Malayan. Civil Service as General Adviser, and other members of that service seconded to control various departments, with the result that the government is now on a sound footing and financially one of the wealthier of the Malay States with large savings to meet the present fall in revenue. The country has made great pro- gress in material prosperity, and has attracted a good deal of European capital, invested in planting enterprises..
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The revenue for 1932 amounted to $11,518,363 against $12,102,704 in 1931, and the expenditure to $11,383,156 in 1932 against $14,778,518 in 1931. Surplus assets at the end of 1932 amounted to $36,531,633. The railway, which connects Singapore with the F.M.S. system, was completed in 1909. Along its 120 miles it provides access to the extensive areas of valuable forest land not conveniently reached by the natural waterways. It is operated and leased by the F.M.S. Railways Department, which now controls the whole of the railways in the Malay Peninsula. A causeway has been constructed over the Straits of Johore, between the mainland of Johore and the Island of Singapore, carrying a railway track and a roadway. It was opened for passenger trains on 1st October, 1923. The roadway was opened to vehicular traffic on 28th June, 1924. F
The capital is the town of Johore Bahru, or new Johore, as distinguished from Johore Lama, or old Johore, the former seat of the Sultans of Johore, which was situated a few miles up the wide estuary of the Johore river. The new town is a flourishing little place on the nearest point of the mainland to Singapore island, and lying about 14 miles to the north-east of Singapore city, in 1° 26' N. It contains some 20,000 inhabitants, mostly Chinese. Public Works have received a good deal of attention in recent years and $2,940,784 was spent on them in 1932. There are now about 755 miles of roads in the State, and new roads are being constructed.
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The population of the State at the census in 1931 was ascertained to be 505,309 (as: compared with 282,234 in 1921), of whom 719 were Europeans, 235,019 Malays, 214,401 Chinese, 51,077 Indians, 290 Eurasians, and 3803 others. The Chinese are chiefly found as cultivators of rubber, but there is also a large Chinese population on the Jemaluang tin-field near Mersing.
Imports Exports
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1931 $29,449,254 $34,995,441
$64,444,695
1932 $21,809,020
$29,623,458
$51,432,478
European and Chinese have taken up large areas for planting, chiefly rubber, pineapples and coconuts. The export of tapioca was 230,554 piculs in 1932, as compared with 248,695 piculs in 1931, and the values were $185,784 and $746,085 respect- ively. The export of rubber in 1932 amounted to 1,456,312 piculs, valued at $13,902,311 against 1,522,103 piculs in 1931, valued at $20,319,138. A remarkable feature of the rubber industry in this State is the large amount of land taken up by Japanese. In 1932, 702,523 piculs of copra, valued at $3,831,355 and 648,894 piculs of areca-nuts, valued at $3,321,228 were exported.