HONGKONG
917
district accessible to residents. Stanley, situated in a small bay on the south- east of the island, was once the site of a military station, but the barrack buildings have been pulled down, and the village is now stationary. A modern school named St. Stephen's College has been erected nearby. A cemetery on the point contains numerous graves of British officers and soldiers. There is an excellent motor road round the Island by way of Pokfolum, Aberdeen, Stanley, Tytam and Shaukiwan. This was commended as a memorial of the Jubilee of Queen Victoria and completed at the end of 1919. Saiwan is a small village picturesquely situated in Saiwan Bay, just outside the Ly-ee- mun Pass, and is much frequented by picnic parties. In the belief that it was a healthy loeality, small barracks were erected there early in the forties, but the experiment proved most disastrous, for in five weeks out of a detach- ment of 20 English soldiers five died and three more were removed in a dan- gerous condition. The buildings were therefore soon abandoned. Shek O is a small but prettily-located village occupying a small valley shut in from the water on the eastern coast, not far from Cape D'Aguilar. This district is being developed as a European summer resort and a Country Club has been established. Near here a wireless station has been erected.
KOWLOON AND OTHER DEPENDENCIES
Across the harbour is the dependency of British Kowloon, which is deve- loping very rapidly along lines laid down by the Town Planning Committee. Some four square miles of the peninsula were first granted in perpetual lease by the Kwangtung Government to Sir Harry (then Mr.) Parkes, but were definitely ceded to Great Britain in 1860 by Article VI. of the Peking Con- vention. Yau-ma-ti, the principal village, has greatly increased in population, and has become an important town. There is a considerable Chinese junk trade to this district and amongst other industries is a preserved ginger fac- tory. Gas Works were erected there in 1892, and the settled portion of the peninsula is lighted with gas; electricity is also now largely used, the gen- erating station being at Hunghom. Three regiments of Indian infantry are usually stationed at Tsim-tsa Tsui, where barracks and officers' quarters are located and a Mahommedan mosque has been erected. At Tsim-tsa Tsui, too, a large number of European houses and flats have been erected, and this portion of the peninsula, which faces Victoria, has gradually developed into a populous residential settlement. It is approached by Nathan Road, a fine wide thoroughfare running at right angles to the water-front. A fine bund, with a massive granite wall, has been constructed here, and an extensive range of godowns built and several fine wharves made for discharging cargo and coaling. Here, also, is situated the handsome terminal station of the Canton- Kowloon Railway. During 1905 and 1906 extensive reclamation works were carried out extending eastward from the godown company's property to Hunghom. Messrs. Butterfield & Swire have crected extensive godown ac- commodation on the reclamation. The same period will also be remembered by the building of two churches at Kowloon-St. Andrew's, in Robinson Road, being the gift of the Hon. Sir Paul Chater, C.M. G., and the Roman Catholic Church in Chatham Road, the gift of Dr. S. A. Gomes. Sir Paul Chater also donated the funds for erecting a third place of worship on the Peninsula-a branch of the Union Church, Hongkong. There are four hotels, the largest and newest being the Peninsula. The Central British School was erected in 1901 on Nathan Road at the expense of Mr. (now Sir) Robert Ho Tung. The Navy maintains a small naval yard, subsidiary to the principal establishment on the Hongkong side. The Royal Observatory is situated on Mount Elgin; and a large and handsome Police Station for the Water Police occupies an eminence just above the Praya. A fine building for a European Y.M.C.A. was opened in November, 1925. A steam ferry piles regularly between Tsim- tsa Tsui and Victoria; ferry boats also run between Victoria and Sham Shui Po, Mongkok, Yau-ma-ti and Hunghom, where the principal docks of the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co. are situated. The Cosmopolitan Dock and works, also belonging to the same Company, are situated at Sham Shui