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NETHERLANDS-INDIA
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the island. The wharves have a total length of 2,000 metres; 300 metres do not belong to the government but to private owners and 980 metres are formed by a newly built quay on the northern side for vessels with a draught of about 10 metres. The wharves are provided with sheds those on the new quay of a large type. The harbour equipment includes one floating steam-crane with a lifting capacity of 50 tons and one floating derrick of 12 tons, while on the quay will be erected 7 electric cranes of 3 to 10 tous. The depth of the channel at the mouth of the Belawan-river has already been increased by suction dredging to more than 8 metres at low tide. At the end of the year 1929 altogether a sum of about Fls. 24,500,000 had been devoted to the Belawan- harbour apart from the cost of the railway connections, which are reaching to every point of any importance.
Emmahaven. This harbour is the chief port of the West Coast of Sumatra and is situated in the north-western part of the Koninginne-bay, which is formed by the tongues of land projecting into the sea in a south-western and southern direction. The harbour basin is enclosed between two breakwaters, with a length of 260 and 900 metres respectively, and the northern shore of the bay. The depth is 9 metres at low tide. Four screw pile wharves, the length of which is 120, 108, 108 and 96 metres, give berthing accomodation to four ocean steamers. Six large sheds have been built behind the jetties. The most important export consists of Ombilin coals from Suma- tra. The colliers moor at a special jetty where a coaling tip fills them at the rate of 300 tons an hour. At the end of the year 1928 altogether a sum of about Fls. 4,300,000 had been devoted to the Emmahaven harbour, apart from the costs of the railway connections. On the eastside of the coaling tip will be built a jetty with a length of 192 metres alongside which ships of 9 metres draught can moor.
Sabang. The harbour of Sabang is in a spacious bay, accessible from the west, in the island of Poelo Weh, situated a little over 50 kilometres to the north of Koetaradja, the capital of the province of Atjeh. The harbour serves principally as a coaling- station and is equipped for this purpose with modern accommodation. In the north-western part of the bay are the coal wharves with a total length of 590 metres, alongside which ships of 9 metres draught can moor for loading and discharging coal. To the south-west of the coal wharves lies one 3,000 and one 5,000 tons floating dock, while adjoining to the dock is a quay specially intended for ships requiring repairs. In the northern part of tlie bay is a general commercial wharf, 200 metres long with the requisite storage godowns adjacent.
Oosthaven.-Oosthaven, which is situated in the Lampong-bay on the south coast of Sumatra is the beginning point of the railway to Palembang. А quay with a length of 170 metres and equipped with a large shed (100 × 40 square metres) has been built for ocean going vessels with a draught of 9 metres. Along the southside of the inner harbour is a jetty with a length of 80 metres along which ships of 9 metres draught
can moor.
Palembang.—Palembang, which is situated on the Moesi-river, 90 kilometres from its mouth in the Bangka Straits, is a tidal harbour; larger ships can only cross the bay at the mouth of the river, where the depth at high water amounts to 6.3 metres, at flood-tide. In the harbour is a screw pile jetty with a length of 250 metres equipped with a hand-crane of 6 tons. When there is no room available for ships at the wharf, they remain at anchor in the river and can load and discharge on both sides by means of lighters.
Island of Celebes
Makasser.-Makasser, the most important harbour in the eastern part of the Archipelago is situated on the south-west point of Celebes. It possesses a road well protected by several coral islands and two breakwaters, approximately parallel with wharves at the shore, at a distance of about 1,200 metres. The wharves consist of a quay-wall with a length of 1,340 metres where ships of 9 metres draught can moor even at low tide and a screw pile wharf, 500 metres long and 10 metres broad, with a depth alongside of 7.50 metres at low tide. A harbour for sailing boats and native vessels with an area of 20,000 square metres and 26 little screw pile jetties has been made. The harbour is equipped with sheds; liquid fuel and coal can be obtained. At the end of the year 1929 altogether a sum of Fls. 14,000,000 had been devoted to the construction of the Makasser harbour works apart from the costs of the railway con- nections.