1402
NETHERLANDS-INDIA
The Netherlands Royal Navy in these Colonies numbers 351 officers and 1,707 European and 2,339 native non-commissioned officers and sailors, and 214 militia-men, and consists of about 40 men-of-war. There is, besides, the Government Marine con- sisting of 17 smaller ships with 174 Europeans and 823 natives, employed for civil service duties.
EDUCATION
The educational system distinguishes_two kinds of instruction: (I.) Instruction carried out in the Dutch language; (II.) Instruction given in a vernacular language. To the first category belong 843 (346 private) elementary schools, amongst which are 435 specially for natives and 116 for Chinese. Furthermore, there are 59 (26 private) inter- mediate schools; 14 public and 4 private secondary schools, which find their continuation in the universities in Holland and in the institution for higher education in the Dutch East Indies-the college of technical science at Bandoeng and the colleges of law and medicine at Batavia, the certificates of which colleges are equal to those issued by the universities in Holland, and 7 private secondary schools for girls. In addition, the following professional schools fall within the same category: 2 schools of medicine, 1 training school for civil-service officers, 5 schools for native officials, 3 agricultural schools, 1 school of veterinary medicine, 5 (2 private) commercial schools, 6 (2 private) technical schools for architecture, mechanical electro-technical and mining engineering, 1 trade school, 18 (12 private) training schools and some courses for higher qualifications, supplying teachers for the elementary schools and a number of the intermediate schools. For Chinese teachers there is a school with instruction in the Dutch language. Fur- thermore, there are 1 public and 5 private training schools for kindergarten teachers (Fröbel) 1 school for post and telegraph officials, 1 course for chemist-assistants, 1 course for analysts, while a course for officers of the Government Navy is held on board one of the Government steamers. In category II. there are almost 19,000 (2,500 private) elementary schools with 1,700,000 pupils, besides a number of trade schools and agri- cultural schools and a marine-school for the Navy at Macassar. Furthermore, there are 10 public and 4 private training schools for native teachers, at which instruction is given in the Dutch language, and 20 public and 12 private normal school for training native teachers in vernacular language. The other schools are Moham- medan schools (18,000 with 450,000 pupils) and a number of schools for Chinese and for Arabians (with 36,000 pupils).
TRADE
Tandjoeng Pinang and Sabang are free ports. The other ports are open for either general trade or only for native coasting navigation. Godowns where goods can be stored and sold, and from whence they can be exported without payment of import or export duties, are established at Batavia, Cheribon, Semarang, Sourabaya, Padang, Palembang, Siboga, Baros, Singkel, Manado, Gorontalo, Ternate, Amboina, Neira (Banda), Macassar and Koepang.
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The value of private imports in 1929 was in Java and Madoera... 695,773,000 guilders
In the other islands...... 392,441,000 The value of private exports in 1929 was from Java and Madoera... 715,167,000 From the other islands 738,595,000
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Import duties are imposed in the whole of Netherlands-India, except the Island We (Sabang) (Government Atjeh and Dependencies), and the isles belonging to the Residency Riouw and Dependencies. The import duty is fixed ad valorem or according to the weight or the quantity dimensions, most of the goods being separately mention- ed in the tariff. Most of the metals and raw materials, as lime and wood, and articles. of art and science are free of import duty. Export duty is only paid on a few articles according to value or quantity. Transit cargo is free.
An excise is charged on kerosene-oil, gasoline and benzine, and on matches of all kinds; moreover on inland arrack in Java and Madoera and on Java and foreign tobacco imported in Borneo.
PUBLIC WORKS
On December 31st, 1929, there were in Java 2,875 kilometres of State lines gauge 1.067 m. and 93 kilometres gauge 0.60 m., and 2,548 kilometres of private lines (268 kilo- metres gauge 1.435 m., 2,248 kilometres gauge 1.067 m., and 32 kilometres tramways. gauge 1.188 m.); in Sumatra 1,334 kilometres of State lines (813 kilometres gauge 1.067 m., and 521 kilometres gauge 0.75 m.), and 496 kilometres private lines gauge 1.067 m. and in Celebes 47 kilometres of State lines gauge 1.067 m.