SHASI
市 沙 Sha-si
Shasi (the "market on the sands") is one of the ports opened to foreign trade under the Japanese Treaty of 1895, the official declaration of the opening being dated the 1st October, 1896. The port is about 85 miles below Ichang and is situated at the crossing point of two most important routes of commerce in Central China, namely, from east to west and from north to south and vice versa.
It is re- claimed from the river by a magnificent system of dykes and canals, and is "a monument of ancient commerce, and a witness to native perseverance and engineering skill." The district suffers periodically from the flooding of the Yangtsze. In July, 1908, the river rose to 30 ft. 9 inches, and caused the destruction of all the earlier summer crops; in 1917 it rose to 31 ft. 9 ins., again, on July 21st, 1919, to 31 ft. 6 ins., and on July 16th, 1921, it reached the record height of 33 ft. 4 ins., which was 5 ft. 4 ins. above the level of the Bund. The general commerce of the port has increased yearly since the Revolution, despite the adverse influence of the civil war during the past five or six years. The population, which is steadily increasing, was estimated at 190,500 by the District Magistrate of the Kiangling-hsien at the end of 1925. The floating population, of which no account is kept, may be estimated at 10,000 more. A considerable amount of washing for gold is done between Shasi and Hosueh, chiefly on the Tukkechow. Formerly Shasi was an important distributing centre, but the opening of Ichang to foreign trade diverted much of the traffic to the last-named port. It was hoped that when Shasi itself was opened it would regain its importance as a point of distribution, but the experience now gained shows that the development is likely to be slow. On the 9th and 10th May, 1898, a serious anti- foreign riot occurred at Shasi. The Customs Office and the residence of the Com- missioner, the Customs boats, the premises of the China Merchants' Company and their hulk, the office of the Foreign Board, the Japanese Consulate, the premises occupied by the native agents of Messrs. Butterfield & Swire and Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co., and a number of newly-erected Chinese houses were burnt by the mobs, kerosene oil being used to feed the conflagration, and the foreign residents were driven out of the port, narrowly escaping with their lives. The Custom-house was re-opened on the 1st July of the same year. In August, 1898, an area 3,800 Chinese feet in length, by 800 to 1,200 in breadth, lying along the riverside below the town, was assigned to Japan as a Japanese Concession. The foreign commerce is mostly in Japanese hands. The British Consulate was withdrawn in January, 1899, British interests being placed under the care of the Consul at Ichang., Calling steamers anchor in the river, which is very swift during the summer, and discharge and load at pontoons, but some bunding work, commenced in December, 1904, and finished in April, 1905, provided berths for three hulks, with jetties. Unfortunately, in 1908 this bund for over two-thirds of its length went bodily into the river owing to the action of the water coming from inland carrying away sand from beneath the stone work. The net value of the trade of the port coming under the cognizance of the Foreign Customs was Hk. Tls. 34,355,862 in 1929, as compared with Hk. Tls. 38,910,321 in 1928, Hk. Tls. 21,305,761 in 1927, Hk. Tls. 32,792,292 in 1926, Hk. Tls. 31,087,376 in 1925, and Hk. Tls. 23,626,554 in 1924. The bulk of the carrying trade is, however, carried on by junks, which do not come under the control of the Foreign Customs. In December, 1913, a contract was entered into between the Chinese Government and the British firm of Pauling & Co. for the construction of a railway from a point opposite Shasi to Singyifu in the province of Kweichow via Changteh and Kweiyang, with a branch from Changteh to Changsha. Good progress was made in the survey of this projected railway until the outbreak of the European war and consequent necessity for a temporary cessation of operations led to the recall of the engineers. It is reported that so many lakes and morasses lie in the direct survey of the Shasi-Changteh section that a détour to the west, through more productive country, may be necessary. A telephone service was introduced in March, 1921. A motor service between Shasi- Hsiangyang was started in 1924. The Mao Yeh & Co. installed in May 1930 a machine to supply Shasi public with ice and electricity. The Hankow Press-packing Co. (Shasi Branch) started operations in September 1929, while the Shasi Cotton Testing Department of Hankow Bureau of Inspection and Testing for Commercial Com- modities, a governmental organ, commenced work in October 1929. The plant of the Sahsi Cotton Weaving and Spinning Factory is under construction.