PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
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throughout the Islands, and every day they are gaining ground in the estimation the people. In Manila, the largest and most up-to-date among the hospitals is Philippine General Hospital. There are 10 hospitals in the city of Manila and in the provinces. Activities related to child welfare in general are looked after by bol office of the Public Welfare Commissioner. The Board of Pharmaceutical Ex- iners and Inspectors has the immediate supervision and control of all pharmacies, Big-stores, dispensaries and similar establishments, both private and public, in the
filippines.
HISTORY
In his trip around the world, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese, in the service Spain, discovered the Philippine Islands on March 15th, 1521. Spain, claiming the intry, colonized it in 1565, when Legaspi, the first Governor of the Philippines, unded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu. The city of Manila was founded on ane 24th, 1571.
The early history of the Philippines is a record of continual trouble. Conflicts tween the civil and ecclesiastical authorities led to internal contentions, while both rtugal and the Netherlands coveted these rich possessions and harassed the Spaniards. 1606 the Dutch blockaded the ports with five ships, which were, however, destroyed the Spanish fleet. Attacks were also made at different points by powerful Chinese ratical fleets. The most celebrated of these was the invasion by Li Ma Hon, who 4th 2,000 men landed at Manila in 1574, but was defeated and driven out by the aniards and natives, under the leadership of Juan de Salcedo. In 1762 the capital s taken by the English, the private property of the inhabitants being saved from under on the condition of the payment of a ransom of £1,000,000, half of which as paid in money and the other half in bills upon the Spanish Treasury. In the feantime, however, peace had been concluded, and the islands were restored to
ain, payment of the balance of the indemnity not being insisted upon.
The Filipinos were given representation in the Spanish Cortes in 1810. The lleon trade instituted by the Spanish Government ending in 1815. The port of danila was opened to the commerce of the world in 1830. With the opening of the uez Canal in 1869, direct mail service with Spain was inaugurated and railroads and legraphs were introduced into the Islands. Attempts to throw off the Spanish yoke ere made in 1822, 1841, 1842, 1872 and 1896. On June 12th, 1897, Philippine Inde- endence was proclaimed in Cavite, and the Philippine flag was officially unfurled. pon the outbreak of hostilities between the United States and Spain in 1898, the surgents offered to co-operate with the former. The offer was accepted with the sult that while the Americans took and held the city of Manila, the Insurgents erthrew Spanish authority throughout the remainder of the Island of Luzon and tablished a government of their own with General Aguinaldo as Dictator. Com- odore Dewey sank the Spanish squadron in Manila Bay on May 1st, 1898. The hilippine Republic was established on January 21st, 1899. The Treaty of Paris, roviding for the cession of the Philippine Islands to the United States, was ratified y the Senate of the United States on February 6th, 1899. Civil government was tablished in the Islands on July 4th, 1901. The first Philippine Assembly was augurated on October 16th, 1907. The new Philippine Autonomy Act, commonly nown as the Jones Law, came into force on August 29th, 1916. To-day, with the ception of the Governor-General, and the Vice-Governor, the administration of the fairs of the country is practically in the hands of the Filipinos.
GOVERNMENT
The government of the Philippine Islands is administered through three separate ad co-ordinate branches-the executive, legislative, and judicial.
The Governor General is the chief executive of the Islands and represents the overeign power of the United States. He is appointed by the President of the nited States by and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. nder him are the secretaries of six executive departments-the Department of the aterior, the Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Finance, the Wepartment of Justice, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and e Department of Commerce and Communications. With the exception of the Vice- overnor, who is appointed in the same way as the Governor-General and is at the came time Secretary of Public Instruction, all the other secretaries are Filipinos.
nder each executive department are the different bureaus of the Government.
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