PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
Named in honour of PHILIP II, King of Spain.
LOCATION
Lying to the south-east of the great continent of Asia and occupying much the amme position as the West Indies in North America, the Philippine Islands, a vast rchipelago, extend between the meridians of 116° 40' and 126° 34′ East Longitude, and etween the parallels of 4° 40′ and 21° 10′ North Latitude. They are bounded on the orth and west by the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south 'y the Celebes Sea. They lie about 600 miles off the coast of China. The northern- ost group is but a short distance south of the Japanese island of Formosa, while the buthernmost extremities reach close to Borneo and the Celebes.
AREA AND POPULATION
The total area of the Philippine Islands is 114,400 square miles. This is larger Ihan the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware put together.
The Philippine Archipelago is composed of 7,083 islands, of which 2,441 are named End 4,642 are not. There are 11 important islands, each of which has an area of more than 1,000 square miles. Luzon has an area of 40,814 square miles; Mindanao, 8,012; Samar, 5,124; Negros, 4,903; Palawan, 4,500; Panay, 4,448; Mindoro, 3,794; Leyte,
799; Cebu, 1,695; Bohol, 1,534; and Masbate, 1,255.
The Philippine Archipelago is divided into three great groups of islands designated s Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. Luzon includes the provinces of Abra, Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Jueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Tayabas and ambales, and the island-provinces of Batanes, Marinduque, Masbate and Mindoro. The second group, the Visayas, is made up of the provinces of Antique, Capiz nd Iloilo, on the island of Panay; Occidental Negros and Oriental Negros, on the sland of Negros; and the individual island-provinces of Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Romblon, Samar and Palawan. The third group, Mindanao, is made up of the provinces of Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga, and a luster of islands formning the province of Sulu.
According to the Philippine Census of 1918, the total population was 10,314,310 hiefly of the Malay race, 91 per cent. of whom were Christians receiving the benefits of the blending of the Oriental, the Spanish, and the American civilizations. This part of the population included 9,428,291 Filipinos; 43,802 Chinese; 5,774 Americans; ,806 Japanese; 3,945 Spaniards; 1,140 English; 286 Germans; 182 French; 125 Swiss; and 977 of other nationalities. Only 932,953, or 9.4 per cent., were non-Christians nd pagans, but even these are now fast taking advantage of the all-pervading system of public schools.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
The Philippines is a group of islands varying in size from Luzon, which is practically as large as Belgiuin, the Netherlands and Denmark combined, to the hameless islets rising just a few feet above the water. The coastline includes many fertile coastal plains. Added to these are the Central Plain, the Cagayan and Bicol Valleys of Luzon; the Central Plain of Panay; and the Agusan and Cotabato Valleys of Mindanao. Most of the large islands are crossed by well-defined ranges, running, as a rule, in a north and south direction; Mount Apo, in south-eastern Mindanao, is the aighest peak, with an altitude of 9,610 feet.
The principal part of the group comes within the range of the typhoons, and violent torms are of frequent occurrence during the so-called rainy season. The islands are also the centre of great volcanic action. "The destructive ravages and changes produced by earthquakes," says Sir John Bowring, writing in 1859, "are nowhere more remarkable than in the Philippines. They have overturned mountains, they have filled up valleys,
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