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NETHERLANDS-INDIA
The Netherlands Navy in these Colonies numbers 359 officers and 1,776 European and 2,294 native non-commissioned officers and sailors, and 256 militia-men, and consists of 36 men-of-war. There is, besides, the Government Navy, consisting of 18 smaller ships with 177 Europeans and 884 natives, employed for civil service duties.
EDUCATION
The educational system distinguishes two kinds of instruction: (I.) Instruction carried out in the Dutch language; (II.) Instruction given in a vernacular language. To the first category belong 786 (313 private) elementary schools, amongst which are 396 specially for natives and 104 for Chinese. Furthermore, there are 59 (26 private) inter- mediate schools; 13 public and 9 private secondary schools, which find their continuation in the universities in Holland and in the institution for higher education in the Dutch East Indies-the college of technical science at Bandoeng and the colleges of law and medicine at Batavia, the certificates of which colleges are equal to those issued by the universities in Holland, and 7 private secondary schools for girls. In addition, the following professional schools fall within the same category: 2 schools of medicine, 1 training school for civil-service officers, 5 schools for native officials, 3 agricultural schools, 1 school of veterinary medicine, 3 (2 private) commercial schools, 4 (2 private) technical schools for architecture, mechanical electro-technical and mining engineering, 1 trade school, 5 public training schools and some courses for higher qualifications, supplying teachers for the elementary schools and a number of the intermediate schools. For Chinese teachers there is a school with instruction in the Dutch language. Fur- thermore, there are 1 public and 5 private training schools for kindergarten teachers (Fröbel) 1 school for post and telegraph officials, 1 course for chemist-assistants, 1 course for analysts, while a course for officers of the Government Navy is held on board one of the Government steamers. In category II. there are almost 17,611 (2,909 private) elementary schools with 1,513,088 pupils, besides a number of trade schools and agri- cultural schools and a marine-school for the Navy at Macassar. Furthermore, there are 10 public and 4 private training schools for native teachers, at which instruction is given in the Dutch language, and 20 public and 12 private normal school for training native teachers in vernacular language. The other schools are Moham- medan schools (17,035 with 430,386 pupils) and a number of schools for Chinese and for Arabians (with 36,225 pupils).
TRADE
Tandjoeng Pinang and Sabang are free ports. The other ports are open for either general trade or only for native coasting navigation. Godowns where goods can be stored and sold, and from whence they can be exported without payment of import or export duties, are established at Batavia, Cheribon, Semarang, Sourabaya, Padang, Palembang, Siboga, Baros, Singkel, Manado, Gorontalo, Ternate, Amboina, Neira (Banda), Macassar and Koepang.
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The value of private imports in 1928 was in Java and Madoera... 643,908,640 guilders-
In the other islands...... 347,604,803 The value of private exports in 1928 was from Java and Madoera... 846,666,689 From the other islands. 741,125,970
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Import duties are imposed in the whole of Netherlands-India, except the Island We (Sabang) (Government Atjeh and Dependencies), and the isles belonging to the Residency Riouw and Dependencies. The import duty is fixed ad valorem or according to the weight or the quantity dimensions, most of the goods being separately mention- ed in the tariff. Most of the metals and raw materials, as lime and wood, and articles- of art and science are free of import duty. Export duty is only paid on a few articles according to value or quantity. Transit cargo is free.
An excise is charged on kerosene-oil, gasoline and benzine, and on matches of all kinds; moreover on inland arrack in Java and Madoera and on Java and foreign tobacco imported in Borneo.
PUBLIC WORKS
On December 31st, 1928, there were in Java 2,802 kilometres of State lines gauge- 1.067 m. and 120 kilometres tramways gauge 0.60 m., and 2,548 kilometres of private- lines (212 kilometres railways gauge 1.435 m. and 2,336 kilometres tramways: 56 kilometres gauge 1.435 m., 2,262 kilometres gauge 1.067 m. and 18 kilometres gauge 1.188 m.); in Sumatra 1,334 kilometres of State lines (284 kilometres railways gauge 1.067 m., 530 kilometres tramways gauge 1.067 m. and 520 kilometres tramways gauge 0.75 m.), and 439 kilometres private lines (271 kilometres railways gauge 1.067 m. and 168 kilometres tramways gauge 1.067 m.); and in Celebes 47 kilometres of State lines gauge 1.067 m.
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