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highest tide. The deep water area inside the breakwater is 768 acres. The entrance being very open, viz., 1,200 feet wide, the harbour is accessible to vessels of deep draught at any time of day or state of tide. The total sea-frontage of the first, second and third wharves is 13,393. feet. The wharves are lighted by electricity and are fur- nished with extensive wharehouses and closed sheds measuring 391 sq. m., and railway sidings, together with every up-to-date appliance for the handling of cargo. At the east end of the shore, an oil pier, 1,132 feet long with 30 feet of water, has been constructed for the purpose of discharging inflammable goods and bean oil in bulk. The Railway Co.'s wharf building was completed in October, 1920, and the offices of the Railway wharf, Kwantung Government Marine Bureau, Water Police station, Customs Examination office, etc., were moved into this new structure. The warehouse area was 153 acres in 1924. The waiting pavilion, which cost half a million yen and can accommodate 5,000 persons, was completed by the S.M.R. Co., in January, 1924. The passenger expresses occasionally connnect with steamers here. The O.S.K. Company maintains a ticket office and the Bank of Chosen has an Exchange Office in this pavilion which also contains a show-room, dining rooms, stalls for the sale of goods, etc. On the island of Sanshantao, at the entrance to Dairen Bay, stands a lighthouse, and two other lighthouses have been erected at the northern extremity of the east break water and at the eastern extremity of the north breakwater, respectively. On the signal tower of the former position and on the island of Sanshantao have also been fixed fog-horns. A wireless telegraph station is established at Takushan, near the entrance of the Bay. A new wireless telegraph station of 35 kw. power at Liushutun was completed in 1922. There is a granite dry dock 430 feet long and 51 feet wide at entrance, with extensive repair shops attached, leased and managed by the Manchuria Dock Yard Co., Ltd. A marine quarantine station, built at a cost of Yen 430,000, was open in November, 1913. It is scientifically designed and equipped on the latest and most approved lines with accommodation for both foreign and Chinese passengers.
An electric tramway, with a length of 41 miles, runs along the principal streets and out by the suburban line to Shahokou (where the South Manchuria Railway workshops are established, over four miles westward from Dairen), and extends two miles farther to Hoshigaura (Star Beach), the finest watering place in Manchuria. There is an excellent hotel here, managed by the South Manchuria Railway Company, and also a number of bungalows which may be hired by visitors. Another suburban line runs to Rokotan, a famous summer resort commanding glorious scenery. A motor-car road, runs to Star Beach, and a tract of land along this, measuring about 85 acres, has been levelled and laid out. The construction of a new road, 21 miles in length, connecting Dairen and Port Arthur was commenced in 1921 on three sections simul- taneously, and was completed in July, 1924.
The town of Dairen, which has been expanding rapidly owing to business prosperity and increase of population, is lighted by electricity and gas and has ample telephone facilities. The electric power-house, when completed in 1911, had a capa- city of 4,500 kilowatts. This was increased in 1921 to 6,000 kws., and a second house with 10,000 kws. power was added in June, 1923, the total now being 16,000 kws. The town has macadamized lined roads with rows of shady trees, and is well equipped with waterworks, drainage and sewage systems. With the growth of trade, more particularly in Manchurian beans, a number of influential business houses, Japanese, Chinese and foreign, have established themselves at the port. The foreign and Japanese communities in April, 1909, organized and opened the Dairen Club. A Gun Club, Golf Club, and Marine Association are among the other institutions of the port. Of places for public amusement, the so-called Electric Park, designed on an up-to-date plan and con- taining all devices for recreation, forms the chief attraction. The Chinese quarter, situated on the western fringe of the city, has also grown considerably. A new Railway Hospital, which has recently been constructed by the Railway Company deserves special mention owing partly to its size and partly to the excellence of its equipment. This hospital affords accommodation for 590 patients and treats more than 800 out patients of all nationalities on an average every day.
A direct steamship service is maintained every third day by the Dairen Steam- ship Company between Dairen and Shanghai, one outward bound steamer and one homeward bound steamer calling at Tsingtao each week, by which_means communication is obtained between Shanghai and the trans-Siberian route to Europe. Regular and "half-regular" steamship services are maintained to and from all the important ports of Japan, U.S.A., China and Chosen (Korea), etc. Shanghai can be reached in 42 hours, Chemulpo in 24 hours, and Moji and Nagasaki in about 50 hours.
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