CHINA
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During recent years the Japanese have shown an interest in the railway development of Manchuria and Mongolia, as well as Shantung, and during 1918 they concluded agreements with the Chinese Government for the construction of the following lines:-
From Taonanfu to Jehol.
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Changchun to Taonanfu.
Kirin to Kaiyuan via Hailung.
a point on the Taonanfu-Jehol Railway to a seaport.
Also from Tsinanfu, Shantung province, to Shunteh in Chihli.
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Kaomi, Shantung province, to Hsuchow in Kiangsu.
The Manchuria group of lines ignores the Chinchow-Aigun agreement held by Americans, which, however, is regarded now as a dead letter, owing to the Japanese opposition it encountered when it was first mooted.
Great diversity exists on Chinese Railways in the type of locomotives used, due to the fact that the funds for constructing the various railways were furnished by different foreign markets, and in many of the loan agreements it is stated by implication, & least, that, other things being equal, the country that makes the loan should enjoy preference in furnishing the material for construction. An effort was made by the Ministry of Communications through its foreign advisers to effect an all-round system of unification and a good start was made with accounts and statistics, but all reforms have been practically brought to a standstill by the recent civil wars, owing to the militarists taking over the lines and rolling stock for their immediate
purposes.
Statement of revenue of principal railways in 1920:-
Name of Line
Peking-Hankow Peking-Mukden Tientsin-Pukow
Shanghai-Nanking
Peking-Suiyuan Cheng-Tai
.........
....
Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo
Kirin-Changchun
Kaifeng-Honan
Operating Revenues Operating Expenses
$25,827,213.65
$10,320,779.92
23,146,505.11
8,528,764.62
16,155,459.01
7,646,963.45
6,204,604.20
3,512,569.59
5,632,053.54
2,547,740.13
3,851,805.21
3,340,842.40
2,959,880.31
1,485,828.22
2,188,494.83
563,515.40
....
1,762,566.90
975,278.17
Taokow-Chinghua
Canton-Kowloon
1,207,921.51
1,430,651.54
1,028,201.87
631,976.76
Ssu-Tao
Chuchow-Pinghsiang
708,438.25
928,213.87
598,042.39
87,992.61
Hupeh-Hunan
159,711.32
....
186,072.00
Changchow-Amoy
13,034.02
592,917.85
Chinese Government Railways, 1920 ...
91,443,932.12
42,780,106.53
Do.,
1919 ...
83,047,390.24
38,440,540.62
Increase
8,396,541.88
4,339,565.91
The following list of railways, open and under construction, shows the progress which ad been made in twenty years in improving communications in China:-
1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. And thence east and west to the Russian frontier, 1,077 miles.
2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. rith the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-chi, 17 miles.
onstructed by a British engineer.
Kuanchengtzu to Harbin Under Russian control. Connecting Tsitsihar Opened August, 1909.
3. South Manchuria Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) Kuanchengtzu (14 miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles; double line. Branches: (1) o houshuitzu to Port Arthur, 31 miles." (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang), 17 el iles, inclusive of the section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow, which was opened in ovember, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang, 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun, 343 miles,
the coal mines. (5) Mukden to Antung, 2 feet 6 inches gauge, 187 miles.
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