712
SHANGHAI
8,658 in Hongkew (now Northern and Eastern Districts), 3,522 in Western Dis- trict, Outside Roads and Pootung; and 1,476 in the French Settlement-an increase of 2174 per cent. during the latter five years, against 45 per cent. during the previous five. When the census was taken in October, 1915, the number of foreigners in the two Settlements had grown to 20,924-18,519 in the International Settlement and 2,405 in the French Settlement. According to the census taken on October 16th, 1920 (exclusive of the French Settlement and the outside roads under the control of the French Consul), the foreign population numbered 23,307, compared with 18,519 in 1915 and 13,536 in 1910. The proportion of the principal nationalitics sented was as follows, the figures at the time of the 1915 census being given within parenthesis:-Japanese 10,215 (7,169); British, 5,341 (4,822); American, 2,264 (1,307) Portuguese, 1,301 (1,323); Russian, 1,263 (361); French, 316 (244); German, 280 (1,155) Spanish, 186 (181); Danish, 175 (145); Italian. 171 (114); Indians, 954 (1,009). This showed that the Japanese had trebled in number since 1910. The foreign population in the French Settlement in 1920 was 3,560 and the native 166,667. Among the different nationalities represented in the foreign population were the following:- British, 1,044; American, 549; French, 530; Japanese, 306; Russian, 210; German, 9.
repre-
Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposi tion was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 168,129; in 1900, 240,995; in 1910, 602,475; andsi in 1920, 930,068. The Chinese population working in the Settlements, however, must be much greater than the total given, as there are many more thousands who sleep outside the limits. Taking into consideration the thickly populated surrounding Chinese territory with its added thousands that cannot be even approximated, the daytime population of the port, it is thought, must be well toward 1,500,000. This rapid increase has occurred notwithstanding that rents have risen from thirty to sixty and in some cases even to one hundred per cent. and that provisions and cost of living generally both of natives and foreigners have increased. The population of the native city is estimated by the Inspectorate of Customs at one million. The large congregation of nearly a million natives in the Settlements and outlying roads, eight and two-thirds square miles, is kept in admirable order by a police force of 239 Europeans (239 is the authorised number), 713 Sikhs (including 185 for gaol duty), 30 Japanese and 1,489 natives for the north of the Yang-king-pang, being one constable for about each three acres, and for 300 head of population. There are nine_police stations. There are 63 European, 261 Tonkinese, and 449 Chinese police for the French Settlement, or about one constable for every 225 inhabitants. As the natives liave to be tried by their own authorities, and bribery and obstruction have to be contended against, and there is a want of the facilities found elsewhere, the difficulties of organizing and efficiently working such a small force are considerable.
The following table shows the population and Municipal Revenue of the Settlement exclusive of the French, for the past six quinquennial periods:-
Ordinary Income Tls. 482,603
Year
1895
Foreigners 4,684
Natives
240,995
1900
6,774
315,276
1905
11,497
452,716
1910
13,526
488,005
1915
18,519
620,401
1920
23,307
759,839
1921
24,000
780,000
1922
30,794
814,000
CLIMATE
1,045,177
1,780,415
2,555,056
3,051,017
4,823,483
""
5,967,040
""
6,391,200
The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The highes recorded number of deaths from cholera among foreigners was 32 in 1890. Of these 11 were amongst residents. With the exception of the year 1912, when there were 14