CHINA
609
Great diversity exists on Chinese Railways in the type of locomotives used, due to the fact that the funds for constructing the various railways were furnished by different foreign markets, and in many of the loan agreements it is stated by implication, at least, that, other things being equal, the country that makes the loan should enjoy preference in furnishing the material for construction.
Statement of revenue of principal railways in 1919-
Name of Line
Operating Revenues Operating Expenses
Peking-Hankow
Peking-Mukden
Tientsin-Pukow
Shanghai-Nanking
•
Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo
Peking-Suiyuan
Chen-Tai
Taokow-Chinghua
Kaifeng-Honan
Kirin-Changchun
Chuchow-Pinglisiang
Canton-Kowloon
Changchow-Amoy
Hupeh-Hunan
Seu-Tsen
Chinese Government Railways, 1919
Do.,
1918
Increase
$26,313,680.61
$9,060,473.60
19,406,241.70
7,519,184.83
14,101,982.95
6,819,050.67
5,665,852.20
3,343,895.52
2,598,050.30
2,353,640.13
4,810,049.47
3,159,922.54
3,377,325.41
1,441,644.37
...
977,336.54
524,360.89
1,685,940.46
749,765.85
1,895,650.85
1,309,288.07
697,993.76
667,701.37
983,021.64
1,056,830.20
27,091.41
60,746.69
...
198,484.54
169,595.18
308,688.40
204,440.71
83,047,390.24
38,440,540.62
77,652,152.95
34,322,615.12
5,395,237.29
4,117,925,50
The following list of railways, open and under construction, shows the progress which has been made in twenty years in improving communications in China:-
1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. and thence east and west to the Russian frontier, 1,077 miles.
2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-chi, 17 miles. Constructed by a British engineer.
Kuanchengtzu to Harbin Under Russian control. Connecting Tsitsihar Opened August, 1909.
3. South Manchurian Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) to Kuanchengtzu (1 miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles; double line. Branches: (1) Choushuitzu to Port Arthur, 31 miles. (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang), 17 miles, inclusive of the new section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow, which was opened in November, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang, 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun, 34 miles, to the coal mines. (5) Mukden to Antung, 2 feet 6 inches gauge, 187 miles.
3a. Kirin-Chanchun, 80 miles. Chinese Government Railway managed by Japanese in connection with South Manchurian Railway. Supingkai-Chengchiatun work com- menced by Chinese with capital furnished by Japan.
4. Peking-Mukden line. The earliest railway system in China; formerly known as Imperial Railways of North China. British engineers, Chinese and British capital. Main line: Peking to Mukden (Ching-Feng), 523 miles. The last section, Hsinmintun to Mukden, was purchased from the Japanese in 1907. Branches: (1) Peking to Tung- chow, 14 miles. (2) Peking to Lukowkiao, 4 miles, connecting with the Peking-Hankow Railway. (3) Kowpangtze to Yingkow (Newchwang), 57 miles. (4) Tientsin to Hsiku, 3 miles. A branch from Tangho to Chinwangtao, 6 miles, belongs to and is controlled by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company (British).
5. Peking-Suiyuan Railway 226 miles. Chinese capital and Chinese engineers. Opened to Kalgan in September, 1909. Kalgan_to Tatung, 191 miles. Opened March, 1915. Tatung to Fengchen, 37 miles, opened. Fengtai to Kalgan, 211 miles. Branch- Hsichimen to Mentoukow, 27 miles.
6. Peking-Hankow Railway (Ching-Han, also known as Kin-Han or Lu-Han), 755 miles. Built by Franco-Belgian capital. Reverted to Chinese control, January 1, 1909. French and Belgian engineers still employed. Branches: (1) Liangsiang to Tuli, 12 miles, to local coal mines. (2) Liuliho to Chowkweichwang, 10 miles, to local coal