SHANGHAI
713
The ordinary revenue for 1919, including a balance of Tls. 47,887.50 from 1918, was estimated at Tls. 1,037,007.50 and the expenditure at Tls. 1,032,753; and the extraordinary receipts, including balance of Tls. 571,233.59 from 1918, at Tls. 688,208.59 and the extraordinary expenditure at Tls. 116,975.
POPULATION
cent.
The Foreign population increased rapidly up to 1865, but declined considerably during the next ten years. The census of 1865 gave the number of Foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. In 1870, the total in the Anglo-American Settlement was 1,666; in 1876, 1,673; in 1880, 2,197; in 1885, 3,673; in 1890, 3,821; in 1895, 4,684; in 1900, 7,396; in 1905, 11,497. By the census of 15th October, 1910, there were in both Settlements a total of 15,012 foreigners; 1,356 in the British Settlement (now called Central District), 8,658 in Hongkew (now Northern and Eastern Districts), 3,522 in Western Dis- trict, Outside Roads and Pootung; and 1,476 in the French Settlement-an increase of 21.74 per cent. during the latter five years, against 45 per cent. during the previous five. When the census taken in October, 1915, the number of foreigners in the two Settlements had grown to 20,924-18,519 in the International Settlement and 2,405 in the French Settlement. The fluctuations in the foreign popula- tion have been very remarkable. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of adult males decreased, while in the next five years it increased by over fifty per cent.
In the nine years, 1876 to 1885, the whole foreign population more than doubled, but in the next five years it showed an increase of only 148, of whom 144 were children. The increase was mostly in the Hongkew district, where the population was twelve times what it was in 1880, while during the same period the British Settlement increased by only 481. While the foreign adult males had increased only about seven times since the census of 1880 the number of women increased twelve and of children eight and a half times. A curious fact is that of children under fifteen in the French Settlement only 26 were males, while 136 were females in 1895, 52 were males and 143 females in 1900, 47 were males and 221 females in 1905, 134 were males and 235 females in 1910, and 244 were males and 396 females in 1915. There were more than thirty nations and peoples represented in Shanghai. According to the census taken on October 16th, 1920 (exclusive of the French Settlement and the outside roads under the control of the French Consul), the foreign population numbers 23,307, compared with 18,519 in 1915 and 13,536 in 1910. The proportion of the principal nationalities repre- sented is as follows, the figures at the time of the 1915 census being given within parenthesis:--Japanese 10,215 (7,169); British, 5,341 (4,822); American, 2,264 (1,307); Portuguese, 1,301 (1,323); Russian, 1,266 (361); French, 316 (244); German, 280 (1,155); Spanish, 186 (181); Danish, 175 (145); Italian, 171 (114); Indians, 954 (1,009). This shows that the Japanese have trebled in number since 1910. The proportion of the different nationalities in the French Settlement according to the 1915 census was as follows: French 364, British 699, Japanese 141, Portuguese 29, German 270, Indian 18, American 141, Russian 41, Spanish 4, Italian 55, Danish 33, Austrian 27, Belgian 32, Norwegian 27, Swedish 10, Swiss 35, Greeks 7, Dutch 23, Tonkinese 259, Eurasians 104. The total French population was 608 as compared with 766 in 1910. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there werc, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the thrce Settlements 75,047; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 168,129, in 1900, 240,995, in 1910, 602,475. total foreigners and Chinese of the two settlements for 1910 was 617,487. Between 1910 and 1915, taking the population of the two settlements as a whole, it was found that in five years the number of residents in Shanghai had increased by 170,433, or at the rate of nearly 35,000 annually. The numbers of Chinese by the census of October, 1915, were in the Central district, 141,423; Northern district, 151,562; Eastern district, 138,956; Western district, 107,274; in Foreign hongs, houses and mills, 33,168; in villages and huts within the limits, 36,772; in shipping and boats 11,246; a total, exclusive of the French Concession, of 620,401; (284,188 men, 165,632 women, and 170,581 children), as
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