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SHANGHAI
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11,497. By the census of 15th October, 1910, there were in both Settlements a total of 15,012 foreigners; 1,356 in the British Settlement, now called Central District 8,658 in Hongkew, now Northern and Eastern Districts, 3,522 in Western Dis- trict, Outside Roads and Pootung, and 1,476 in the French Settlement, an increase of 2174 per cent. during the latter five years, against 45 per cent. during the previous five. When the last census was taken in October, 1915, the number of foreigners in the two Settlements had grown to 20,924; 18,519 in the International Settlement and 2,405 in the French Settlement. The fluctuations in the foreign popula- tion have been very remarkable. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of adult males decreased, while in the next five years it increased by over fifty per cent. In the nine years, 1876 to 1885, the whole foreign population more than doubled, but in the next five years it showed an increase of only 148, of whom 144 were children. The increase was mostly in the Hongkew district, where the population was twelve times what it was in 1880, while during the same period the British Settlement increased by only 481. While the foreign adult males increased only about seven times since the census of 1880 the number of women increased twelve and of children eight and a half times. A curious fact is that of children under fifteen in the French Settlement only 20 were males, while 136 were females in 1805, 52 were males and 143 females in 1900, 47 were males and 221 females in 1905, 134 were males and 235 females in 1910, and 214 were males and 395 females in 1915. There were more than thirty nations and peoples represented in Shanghai, and of these only five showed decrease since the census of 1910. All other nations showed gains, the number of Japanese having more than doubled in the five years. The proportion of the different nationalities in all the Settlements in 1915 was as follows, the figures at the time of the 1910 census being given within parenthesis :-Japanese, 7,169 (3,361); British, 4,822 (4,465); Portuguese, 1,323 (1,495); American, 1,307 (940); German, 1,155 (811); Russian, 361 (317); French, 244 (33); Spanish, 181 (140); Danish, 145 (113); Austro-Hungarian, 123 (102); Italian, 114 (124); Indians, 1,009 (804); other nationalities, 566 (534), a total of 18,519. Of that total 1,649 were in the Central District (British Concession) 11,363 in the Northern and Eastern Districts (Hongkew) 2,697 in the Western (Residential) District, and 2,810 in the Outside Roads and Pootung. In addition to these there were when the census was taken 731 in the shipping in harbour and 1,565 Navy in harbour. The proportion of the different nationalities in the French Settlement was given as follows; French 364, British 69, Japanese 141, Portuguese 29, German 270, Indian 18, American 141, Russian 41, Spanish 4, Italian 55, Danish 33, Austrian 27, Belgian 32, Norwegian 27, Swedish 10, Swiss 35, Greeks 7, Dutch 23, Tonkinese 259, Eurasians 104. The total French population was 608 as compared with 766 in 1910. That the British population increased by only 731 (from 4,790 to 5,521) between 1910 and 1915, may readily be accounted for by the fact that well over 500 went home to join the colours. The five leading nations represented in Shanghai in 1915 were Japanese 7,387, British 5,521, American 1,448, German 1,425, Portuguese 1,352. In 1890 there were only 386 Japanese in the International Settlement, and in 1900 736. In the International Settlement the proportion of males to females (including children) is about as 10 8 among the foreigners, while in the French Concession the sexes are more equally divided. Taken as a whole Shanghai in 1915 had 11,691 males and 9,233 females. In the International Settlement there were (1915) 10,430 males and 8,089 females, and in the French 1,261 males and 1,144 females. The sex proportion among the foreign children was remarkably even, there being 2,477 boys and 2,441 girls under fifteen years of age. Of the children there were 2,233 boys and 2,045 girls in the General Settlement and 244 boys and 306 girls on the French side. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels
to
in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said,
said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 16,129, in 1900, 240,995, in 1910, 602,475. The total foreigners and Chinese of the two settlements for 1910 was 617,487. Between 1910 and 1915, taking the population of the two settlements as a whole, it was found that in tive years the number of residents in Shanghai had increased by 170,433, or at the rate of nearly 35,00 annually. The numbers of Chinese by the last census (October, 1915)