NETHERLANDS-INDIA
PUBLIC WORKS
1289
On the 1st Jan., 1917, there were 2,612 kilometres of railway in Java and 625 kilo- metres in Sumatra; 2,154 kilometres of tramway in Java and Madoera, and 698 kilometres in Sumatra. The gross earnings during the year 1916 were: (in millions of guilders) Government railways 404, Government tramways 1.7, Private railways 8.2, Private tramways 18. The Government telegraphs extend over 11,017 kilometres, the Govern- ment telegraph cables over 1,080, together 21,097 kilometres. Government telephone systems were in operation on the 1st January, 1917, in the districts of Batavia, Semarang, Soerabaja, Soekaboemi, Tjiandjoer, Bandoeng, Garoet, Tasikmalaja, Djokja- karta, Soerakarta, Madioen, Djombang, Modjokerto, Pasoeroean, Probolinggo, Djambi Palembang, Benkoelen, Pontianak, Poerwakarta, Krawang, Bandjermasin, Tjilatjap, Serang, Rangkasbetoeng, Pandeglang, Menado, Gorontalo, Singaradja, Den Pasar, Ampenan, Kraksaan, Soemenep, Sitoebondo, Telok betong, Malang. Lomadjang, Bangil, Bandjar, Kertosono, Pamekasan, Amboina, Kediri, Blitar, Kendal, Magelang, Rembang, Bondowoso, Sidoardjo, Blora, Djember, Salaliga, Tjepoe and Bod- jonegoro. The balance of revenue and expenditure of the Post and Telegraph services showed a loss of f.2,644,898.87; of the Government telephones it showed a profit of f.423,639,41. The number of Post and Telegraph stations was 572 for Java and Madoera and 363 for the other islands. The number of Government telephone- exchanges was 159, and that of the subscribers 14,083, with 18,395 telephones.
PRINCIPAL HARBOURS Island of Java
Batavia (Tandjong Priok)—The old harbour of Batavia, which is situated at the mouth of the Tji Liwoeng, can only be used by prahus and small coasting vessels. In the years 1877-1883 new harbour works were constructed at Tandjoeng Priok, some miles east of the old harbour. Those works consist of an outer harbour comprising a water area of about 140 hectares, formed by two moles of dumped stone built out into the sea and having a length of 1,700 metres. A channel with a depth of 9 metres at low water runs through the outer harbour in the direction of the inner harbour. The inner harbour is 1,100 metres long and 185 metres broad. Along the western side of the harbour basin, there is a quay 1,000 metres in length, upon which have been built 7 large storage godowns. On the eastern side are screw pile jetties. These serve. for loading salt, tin and coal. On the available land adjoining these jetties stand salt and tin warehouses as well as 12 coal sleds. To the west of the inner harbour is the railway terminus; here is another small harbour basin, which originally served as a coaling harbour. A short time after the completion of the harbour a large part of this basin and the land adjoining it was apportioned to the Tandjoeng Priok Drydock Company, which opened repairing yards and a 4,000 tons floating drydock there. A canal provides a connection so far as lighter traffic is. concerned between the harbour and town of Batavia. Altogether a sum of about Fls. 21,000,000 has been devoted to the constructions of the Tandjeong Priok harbour, apart from the cost of the railway connections with Batavia. Since the original completion of the work various additional improvements have been effected. The salt and tin jetty has been extended, a railway constructed behind the coaling depots, and the low-lying marshy land surrounding the harbour has been raised. The existing docks being found inadequate, the harbour has been enlarged with a second basin, which on both sides has quayage of 1,000 metres length, giving accommodation to vessels with a draught of 9 metres on the western side of the harbour and of 10 metres on the eastern side. Over 300 metres of the new quay will give, when necessary, 12 metres depth at low tide. Additional warehouses are also built, four electric cranes have been erected, a floating steam crane with a lifting capacity of 75 tons and a derrick of 15 tons have been secured and other subsidiary works executed including the removal and extension of the railway terminus. Floating bunker cranes have been procured by the N. I. Steenkoles Handelsmaatschappij, also | two lighter harbours have been made on the eastern side of the canal to Batavia, which
are in connection with this canal, and have an area of 24,000 square metres. The various. improvements and extensions will cost fully Fls. 11,000,000 to Fls. 12,000,COU.
Semarang. When the old harbour works of the year 1878 proved to be insufficient a new harbour scheme was approved and is now in course of construction. This scheme comprises a spacious lighter harbour with two basins for Customs purposes, and a small harbour for fishing vessels, the new harbour works being accessible from the harbour canal, which forms the connection with the sea. The projected harbour has a total water