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CHINA
The following list of railways, open and under construction, shows the progress which has been made in little more than ten years in improving communications in China:- 1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. Kuanchengtzu to Harbin and thence east and west to the Russian frontier, 1,077 miles. Under Russian control. 2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. Connecting Tsitsihar with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-chi, 17 miles. Opened August, 1909- Constructed by a British engineer.
3. South Manchurian Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) to Kuanchengtzu (11⁄2 miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles; double line. Branches : (1) Choushuitzu to Port Arthur, 31 miles. (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang), 17 miles, inclusive of the new section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow, which was opened in November, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang, 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun, 345 miles, to the coal mines. (5) Mukden to Antung, 2 feet 6 inches gauge, 1-7 miles.
4. Imperial Railways of North China. The earliest railway system in China, Britishr engineers, Chinese and British capital. Main line: Peking to Mukden (Ching- Feng), 523 miles. The last section, Hsinmintun to Mukden, was purchased from the Japanese in 1907. Branches: (1) Peking to Tungchow, 14 miles. (2) Peking to Lukow- kiao, 4 miles, connecting with the Peking-Hankow Railway. (3) Kowpangtze to Yingkow (Newchwang), 57 miles. (4) Tientsin to Hsiku. 3 miles. A branch from Tangho to Chinwangtao, 6 miles, belongs to and is controlled by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company (British).
5. Peking-Suiyuan Railway 226 miles. Chinese capital and Chinese engineers. Opened to Kalgan in September, 1909. Kalgan to Tatung, 191 miles. Opened March, 1915. Tatung to Fengchen, 37 miles, opened. Fengtai to Kalgan, 211 miles. Branch- Hsichimen to Mentoukow, 27 miles.
5a. Kirin-Chanchun, 80 miles. To be managed by Japanese in connection with South Manchurian Railway.
6. Peking-Hankow Railway (Ching-Han, also known as Pe-Han or Lu-Han), 755 miles. Built by Franco-Belgian capital. Reverted to Chinese control, January 1, 1909. French and Belgian engineers still employed. Branches: (1) Liangsiang to Tuli, 12 miles, to local coal mines. (2) Liuliho to Chowkweichwang, 10 miles, to local coal mines. (3) Kaopeition to Siling, 26 miles, light metre gauge railway to the Imperial tombs. (4) Kaoyihsien to Lincheng, 10 miles, to local coal mines. (5) Poatingfu branch, 3 miles.
7. Tientsin-Pukow Railway (Ching-P'u), 626 miles. Anglo-German capital (northern section 400 miles, German; southern section, 226 miles, British). Completed in 1911. Branches: (1) Chentangcliwang to Liangwangchwang, 16 miles. (2) Lincheng to Tsao- chwang, 19 miles. (3) Yenchowfu to Tsiningchow, 20 miles. (4) Lokou to Huangtai- chiao 5 miles. (5) Tuliu to Pauto-Techow Grand Canal, 24 miles. (6) Pukow to Hanchuang (British), 236 miles.
8. Shantung Railway. Constructed by Germans. Main Hire: Tsingtau to Tsinan, 256 miles, a single line with earthwork to accommodate double line. Branches: (1) Changtien to Poshan, 28 miles. (2) Tsaochuang to Taieshchuang, 26 miles
9. Shansi Railway (Cheng-Tai). From Shihkiaochwang (next station south of Chengtingfu) on the Peking-Hankow line to Taiyuanfu, 151 miles, metre gauge. Chinese Government have commenced work to connect Peking-Kalgan extension with proposed North-Western grand trunk system. Orders for materials for Taiyuan Pingyao section have been given, and earth works have been begun between Yutze, Taiku and Pingyao south of Taiyuanfu. Concession secured by Russo-Chinese Bank
in 1898; constructed by Belgian syndicate; opened 1907.
10. Kaifeng-Honanfu Railway (Pien-Lo), 140 miles. Under Belgian control; re- deemable by China.
11. Taokow-Chinghua Railway (Tao-Ching), 93 miles. Crosses the Peking-Hankow Railway at Sinsiang. Built by British capital and worked by the Peking Syndicate. Redeemed by China, 1905. British engineer still employed. To be continued to Tsehchow. Branch: Yiuchiafen to Taoching, 1 mile.
12. Honanfu-Sianfu Railway, 240 miles, under construction.
13. Tayeh mines Railway (Hupeh), narrow gauge. Tiehshanfu to Huangshihkang,
17 miles.
14. Szechuan-Hankow Railway (Ch'uan-Han), Chengtu to Hankow, over 800 miles. Work began at Ichang in December, 1909, on the section from Ichang to Wansien. Passed under Government control 1911. In the early part of 1913 an engineer-in-chief was appointed to each of the three sections. The surveying of the German (Hankow- Ichang) and American (Ichang-Kweichow) sections was put in hand. On the British