SHANGHAI
789
now
times since the census of 1880 the number of women has increased twelve and of children eight and a half times. A curious fact is that of children under fifteen in the French Settlement only 26 were males, while 36 were females in 1895, 52 were males and 143 females in 1900, 47 were males and 221 females in 1905, 134 were males and 235 females in 1910, and 214 were males and 39; females in 1915. There are more than thirty nations and peoples represented in Shanghai, and of these only five show decrease since the census of 1910. All other nations show gains, the number of Japanese having more than doubled in the five years. The proportion of the different nationalities in all the Settlements in 1915 was as follows, the figures at the time of the 1910 census being given within parenthesis :-Japanese, 7,169 (3,361); British, 4,822 (4,465); Portuguese, 1,323 (1,495); American, 1,307 (940); German, 1,155 (811); Russian, 361 (317); French, 244 (33); Spanish, 181 (140); Danish, 145 (113); Austro-Hungarian, 123 (102); Italian, 114 (124); Indians, 1,009 (804); other nationalities, 566 (534), a total of 18.51. Of that total 1,649 are in the Central District (British Concession, 11.363 in the Northern and Eastern Districts (Hongkew) 2,697 in the Western (Residential) District, and 2,810 in the Outside Roads and Pootung. In addition to these there were when the census was taken 731 in the shipping in harbour and 1,565 Navy in harbour. The proportion of the different nationalities in the French Settlement are given as follows; French 364, British 699, Japanese 141, Portuguese 29, German 270, Indian 18, American 141, Russian 41. Spanish 4, Italian 55, Danish 33, Austrian 27, Belgian 32, Norwegian 27, Swedish 10, Swiss 35, Greeks 7, Dutch 23, Tonkinese 259, Eurasians 104. The total French population is now 608 as compared with 766 in 1910. The French population of the French Settlement alone should be about 700, and the decrease would seem to indicate that about 400 of Shanghai's French citizens have left for the war. That the British population increased by only 731 (from 4,790 to 5,521) between 1910 and 1915, may readily be accounted for by the fact that well over 500 went home to join the colours. The five leading nations represented in Shanghai are Japanese 7,387, British 5,521, American 1,448, German 1,425, Portuguese 1,352. In 1890 there were only 386 Japanese in the International Settlement, and in 1900 736 In the past ten years the Japanese have more than trebled. In the International Settlement the proportion of males to females (including children) is about as 10 to 8 among the foreigners, while in the French Concession the sexes are more equally divided. Taken as a whole Shanghai has 11,691 males and 9,233 females. In the International Settlement there are (1915) 10,430 males and 8,089 females, and in the French 1,261 males and 1,144 females. The sex proportion among the foreign children is remarkably even, there being 2,477 boys and 2,441 girls under fifteen years of age. Of the children there are 2,233 boys and 2,045 girls in the General Settlement and 244 boys and 396 girls on the French side. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there
•were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 168,129, in 1900, 240,995 in 1910, 602,475. The total foreigners and Chinese of the two settlements for 1910 was 617,487. Between 1910 and 1915, taking the population of the two settlements as a whole, it is found that in five years the number of residents in Shanghai has increased by 170,433, or at the rate of nearly 35,000 annually. The numbers of Chinese by the last census (October, 1915) were, in the Central district, 141,423; Northern district, 151,562; Eastern district, 138,956; Western district, 107,274; in Foreign hongs, houses and mills, 33,168: in villages and huts within the limits, 36,772; in shipping and boats 11,246; a total, exclusive of the French Concession, of 620,401; 284,188 men, 165,632 women, and 170,581 children, as compared with 488,005 in 1910. The native population of the French Concession in 1915 was 134,095, consisting of 67,932 males, 34,127 females and 32,036 children (against 89,686, exclusive of 12,284 in outside roads, in 1910, 84,792 in 1905, 80,526 in 1900, 45,758 in 1895, and 34,722 in 1890), the estimated boat population 5,500, and in transit 7,000 being added, the total native population was 146,595. The Chinese population working in the Settlements, however, inust be very much greater than the total given, as there are many more thousands who sleep outside the limits. The Captain. Superinten- dent of Police a few years ago said: "For good reasons I am inclined to believe that the